tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76749834507480587612024-03-16T06:41:09.914+05:30My Life & Wife.S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.comBlogger506125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-53375917602697730322024-01-29T11:12:00.015+05:302024-01-30T20:33:33.308+05:30[ Political Leadership. No2. ]<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgpgMXOgrBTp4Lh_hbn0UU9k8WheTieGj-hFuPDszkM8Jem1ellSE24Cn_C_sCNMK6Zo0NKzCw2DNEfvikbOmI2NyLW8iKRJa4XjTT5zwzL7rK9GzPvdEbj3hKRjh6JXSGkOjG2sO3SBrtaDgxCl-I3JCi1Kgo5X6lC96GNQie64iINgx-x-dSN27-jO6L/s320/B7F46F01-04E3-4280-A041-E0111A679769%282%29.JPG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="200" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgpgMXOgrBTp4Lh_hbn0UU9k8WheTieGj-hFuPDszkM8Jem1ellSE24Cn_C_sCNMK6Zo0NKzCw2DNEfvikbOmI2NyLW8iKRJa4XjTT5zwzL7rK9GzPvdEbj3hKRjh6JXSGkOjG2sO3SBrtaDgxCl-I3JCi1Kgo5X6lC96GNQie64iINgx-x-dSN27-jO6L/s200/B7F46F01-04E3-4280-A041-E0111A679769%282%29.JPG"/></a></div>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<b>Insightful Book on the nature and devolopment of political Leadership
in India is indeed wecome,as there is a dearth of published material on
the subject matter.</b>
</div>
<div><b>T.S.Mohan,PhD</b>
<div>Foundation for Indian Civilisation Studies,Bangalore.</div>
<div>
<b>Say's on the Book in the,'Overall,a commendable effort that hopefully
will be taken up by others to build up in a big way.</b>
</div>
<div>
<b>THE BOOK by J.S Pant & Dr.K.Shamanna.</b>
</div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYsTo-B4hLjIew70wn7akyaOGmND38eS5inJcwQMnXZGfmIfOO7pine9JcEVb2eNkmooqSTj1RGrgdoXghXsGSFLJbGlnH7k9qU5BUS3_ja1yW8RBfrAdsJEcH_wSG-xjC0Hq6a-3s0IK9S7ah0L6wQKFWf9fWY5ep-kggf_O_WMlsXNa7YFFBdM24AYP6/s2531/IMG_3099.HEIC" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="2531" data-original-width="1668" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYsTo-B4hLjIew70wn7akyaOGmND38eS5inJcwQMnXZGfmIfOO7pine9JcEVb2eNkmooqSTj1RGrgdoXghXsGSFLJbGlnH7k9qU5BUS3_ja1yW8RBfrAdsJEcH_wSG-xjC0Hq6a-3s0IK9S7ah0L6wQKFWf9fWY5ep-kggf_O_WMlsXNa7YFFBdM24AYP6/s320/IMG_3099.HEIC"/></a></div>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<b>While 8 in 10 Indians have a a favourable view of PM Modi as stated
by US Pew Research Center,most pollsters in India have given the BJP lead
NDA a thumbs up for the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections,with the opposition
Alliance called I.N.D.I.A. dragging and trailing. </b>
<br/>
<br/>
<b>INDIA'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP TODAY AMIDST HOPES,CHALLENGES AND
ASPIRATIONS OF THE PEOPLE.</b>
<br/>
<br/>
<div>
Historically, India's achievements and Challenges of political leadership
are well known.Moreover,the political leaders have been committed to
democracy and have worked to build a modern nation.However,there are
challenges and controversies along the way.
</div>
<br/>
<div>India's political leaders have faced a number of challenges to their
efforts to build a strong,modern nation.one of the biggest
challenges has been the need to reconcile the countries diverse,
regional,culturel,and religious identities.India to a wide variety of
ethnic and religious groups,and its political leaders have had to navigate
these differences in order to maintain national unity.
</div>
<br/>
S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-19199634152361238882024-01-28T20:44:00.004+05:302024-01-28T21:28:21.184+05:30[ Political Leadership.]<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrx8VWm0awHEh5rKRYVWUn4DdbzKjwxxdO_4QYjDq0Y24eQEZefbsYR9v32D0SJhI7IyO9MarOWrveBsRis_qWkwt6xR-Hb0qwfVJJVe0wMFPjBA1r48RU1PIsfeZAt8JUpcvDBtKUx0lLemBin1s6z4EaAdAr5L0U-LK_Or0Pk_73kSlQmVq4iZAiyFPz/s2531/IMG_3099.HEIC" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="200" data-original-height="2531" data-original-width="1668" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrx8VWm0awHEh5rKRYVWUn4DdbzKjwxxdO_4QYjDq0Y24eQEZefbsYR9v32D0SJhI7IyO9MarOWrveBsRis_qWkwt6xR-Hb0qwfVJJVe0wMFPjBA1r48RU1PIsfeZAt8JUpcvDBtKUx0lLemBin1s6z4EaAdAr5L0U-LK_Or0Pk_73kSlQmVq4iZAiyFPz/s200/IMG_3099.HEIC"/></a></div>
<br/>
</div>
<br/>
<div><center>Picture: Courtesy: Sri.J.S Pant.</center></div></br>
<div>
<center><b>"The India Story of Political Leadership :Deterrent
& Not Emerging" </b></center></div>
<br/>
<div>
The subject matter of Political Leadership
in India is significant and critical for the
governance, development and growth of
our country . Unfortunately, there is hardly
any material or study on the subject.</div>
<div>As things stand today, Political Leadership
has been lagging or not being pursued and developed
for quite some time, more so after this millennium
year. This Book titled "The India Story of Political
Leadership" of J.S. Pant and Dr. K. Shammana is the
first of its kind published in India, though there
are several books on Leaders and Politicians
in view of overall economic, political
and social developments besides the expansion of
various regions, provinces and the federal States.
</div><br/>
<div>
It is accordingly a modest attempt to highlight the
factors & deterrents in the non-emergence of political
leadership in India. Then, Constraints, Identity Politics,
High Command Culture in Political Parties and Family Outfits
operate as Impediments in the Emergence and Propping Up of
Political Leaders.</div>
<div>All that we have in our country today is a polity
with democracy to which we are bound and committed to
follow and practise.</div>
<br/>
<pre>Book Available at :
Prism Books Pvt. Ltd.
1865, 32nd Cross, 10th Main,
BSK II Stage, BENGALURU 560 070
Phone : O8O - 26714108
E-mail : logistics@prismbooks.com
Website : www.prismbooks.com</pre>
<br/>
<div>
Further to the above in the comment it is very
important to note the way <b><i>Sri,Sri.Madhu Neglur,</i></b>
Former AGM Canara Bank,Faculty,Advocate and Author
has taken pains to say what is very real the way
the authors have said about this Book the ONLY
ONE IN INDIA at present.
</div> S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-3605849026442332992024-01-23T15:38:00.026+05:302024-01-24T21:38:43.998+05:30[ The India Storey of Political Leardershp. ] <div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFBhYCgtps1F6UKL-wtRAEIBoTFhRkkZAjB0T2-G7AhgpN-c9z2KAoswfl3aGYZNGr_LVWMRgJT5fMWdTBU_KzsYjsUBMJ8iGlA8BmBjoNAX9r-Eg9OGusgNSgAXWZsFnUu8E7dU7LLDm6LnAOchFYPFdD6_pWKmUmmucjy2G3KuLkFHL_NseugH2OmeOd/s640/IMG_3099.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="422" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFBhYCgtps1F6UKL-wtRAEIBoTFhRkkZAjB0T2-G7AhgpN-c9z2KAoswfl3aGYZNGr_LVWMRgJT5fMWdTBU_KzsYjsUBMJ8iGlA8BmBjoNAX9r-Eg9OGusgNSgAXWZsFnUu8E7dU7LLDm6LnAOchFYPFdD6_pWKmUmmucjy2G3KuLkFHL_NseugH2OmeOd/s320/IMG_3099.jpg" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
The Editor of the Book who was kind enough to present me the above Book
has informed me that the above book is one of it's kind which has no
copy or a book of this type written and published with all the 'masala'
required for complete information on politics,politician and party that
has a leader and a work horse who looks at his party and people not
at all much anticipating any solid and sustainable development of the
country he lives.
</div><br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_fBgl8yB1OLoHYQ-iUqruwrH9cobLN_-cAdEGOaN8RqHBfMiZOPyJwVH7uKXsMoePHqqtYpPlBMDVTU5yWLtvxBKyKMo-BpfVbAhyphenhyphen9ixL8DFpwTQ0Pl6HcfwDHwC2J5biWpGRDPue3J114XX7SDoWn55ZkQ8xOsEO7Yu7P58xGK3TQPtUH13EoHywTvB/s320/IMG_3103.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="200" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_fBgl8yB1OLoHYQ-iUqruwrH9cobLN_-cAdEGOaN8RqHBfMiZOPyJwVH7uKXsMoePHqqtYpPlBMDVTU5yWLtvxBKyKMo-BpfVbAhyphenhyphen9ixL8DFpwTQ0Pl6HcfwDHwC2J5biWpGRDPue3J114XX7SDoWn55ZkQ8xOsEO7Yu7P58xGK3TQPtUH13EoHywTvB/s200/IMG_3103.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
Political Leadership is an endearingly facinating subject that evades thet
evades the grasp of political science.It is ironic that political
leadership as a subject matter in India has not been thoroughly studied
or writen about.</div>
<div>
The book you are reading here is "The India Story of political Leadership"
is a modest,attempt to highlight the critical factors and deterrents in
the non-emergence of political leadership in India.Most people find
inhibitions,constraints,reluctence and even resistance to participate in
Political Leadership.</div>
<div>
As things stand today,Political Leadership in India has not emerged and
progressed for quite some time,particularly after milliennium year 2001.
It did emerge with the arrival of <b>P M Narendra Modi</b> as national
leader,who isnow hailed as a statesman.On the other hand,Political
leadership at the level of States/UTs has not evolved and emanated. It
has by and large remained the same,excepting for political Dunasts
and political Outfits entering into few states.
<div>
<div>
<b>There is no option or alternatine now,but will have to wait for the
reemergence or resergence of political Leadership to come, and
reconcile with whatever Leadership is thrown at the national level</b>
</div>
<div>
<b>This Book is a must read for those who are in Indian Politics,
as well as those desires of entering the field,as well as those who
form the Electoral Collegs in INDIA.</b>
</div>
<div>
<pre>Madhu Neglur
Former AGM Canara Bank,
Faculty, Advocate and Author</pre>
</div>
<div>
Post to be approved:
</div>
<div>
<pre>By Editors to give extracts from the Book
"The India Story of Political Leadership"
</pre></div>
<div>
to be continewed .....
</div>
<div> Blogger requests comments please</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsoEgycYI1zQxNpBuR-NB2znn4jT23x8DI4aV5RttL4uJryv7-j0aDFwWvQscUG39Y7DbeC-u4oMgcDAD4H6OrYSj7YSK9Cddf3DOGlkEHk1nY3XFk9e-Q8X4tNj3gZh_b_v-LKF9IaQd6lP4bdXCzmaomO5BpdCBgrv5BrTdFTBtyOZRgT6h8rftm09R/s320/IMG_3106.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="200" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCsoEgycYI1zQxNpBuR-NB2znn4jT23x8DI4aV5RttL4uJryv7-j0aDFwWvQscUG39Y7DbeC-u4oMgcDAD4H6OrYSj7YSK9Cddf3DOGlkEHk1nY3XFk9e-Q8X4tNj3gZh_b_v-LKF9IaQd6lP4bdXCzmaomO5BpdCBgrv5BrTdFTBtyOZRgT6h8rftm09R/s200/IMG_3106.jpg" /></a></div>
</div>
<div>
<center><b>The above and below Editors of the Book are foreknown in our
Group of Book Worm Guys always meeting monthly for Chit Chat &
Hot Pakoda & Tea monthly</b></center>
</div>
<div>
Political Leadership is an endearingly facinating subject that evades thet
evades the grasp of political science.It is ironic that political
leadership as a subject matter in India has not been thoroughly studied
or writen about.</div>
<div>
The book you are reading here is "The India Story of political Leadership"
is a modest,attempt to highlight the critical factors and deterrents in
the non-emergence of political leadership in India.Most people find
inhibitions,constraints,reluctence and even resistance to participate in
Political Leadership.</div>
<div>
As things stand today,Political Leadership in India has not emerged and
progressed for quite some time,particularly after milliennium year 2001.
It did emerge with the arrival of <b>P M Narendra Modi</b> as national
leader,who isnow hailed as a statesman.On the other hand,Political
leadership at the level of States/UTs has not evolved and emanated. It
has by and large remained the same,excepting for political Dunasts
and political Outfits entering into few states.
<div>
<div>
<b>There is no option or alternatine now,but will have to wait for the
reemergence or resergence of political Leadership to come, and
reconcile with whatever Leadership is thrown at the national level</b>
</div>
<div>
<b>This Book is a must read for those who are in Indian Politics,
as well as those desires of entering the field,as well as those who
form the Electoral Collegs in INDIA.</b>
</div>
<div>
<pre>Madhu Neglur
Former AGM Canara Bank,
Faculty, Advocate and Author</pre>
</div>
<div>
Post to be approved:
</div>
<div>
<pre>By Editors to give extracts from the Book
"The India Story of Political Leadership"
</pre></div>
<div>
to be continewed in next post as 'THE India Storey
of Political Leadership' Xtracts Part 1.
</div>
Received Approveal by the Book Editors
by e-Mail today:24/01/24.
<div> Blogger requests comments please</div>
</div>
</div>
<br /></div>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-74712994429214528782023-11-27T11:54:00.022+05:302023-12-06T17:37:35.479+05:30[ My Wife and her life at 80, as I see.]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimLWAqRMUVG6Wj7QgYm3b3iU2VrStsiJEeP6ONmnxAuzxk5dghcTrwGCFVhyEaClyNhWUu_mHynZxUBXO1LFUj6wrQneyCyl9KQfmX6BjZfH8hSzEbnJGzrRM06uj_yfHERzjBYFI_oTyBg6e4_svszZKEoATtcg96Cfx1xrN1rDvgLFKbKTydSYGOzwuG/s2778/IMG_2938.PNG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2778" data-original-width="1284" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimLWAqRMUVG6Wj7QgYm3b3iU2VrStsiJEeP6ONmnxAuzxk5dghcTrwGCFVhyEaClyNhWUu_mHynZxUBXO1LFUj6wrQneyCyl9KQfmX6BjZfH8hSzEbnJGzrRM06uj_yfHERzjBYFI_oTyBg6e4_svszZKEoATtcg96Cfx1xrN1rDvgLFKbKTydSYGOzwuG/s320/IMG_2938.PNG" /></a></div>
<br />
<div>
Yes, that's my Wife.
Now 65 years spent with me and has all the charm of her with all
the grace that she keeps with all the friends of hers and mine she
knows all of my friends (I don't know many of my friends wife's) is
her post marriage social lady's group and the family clubs etc...
where she was the youngest of all lady's made her learn with senior
lady's that helped me look after my job and her job to keep the post
of her as family inchage as she looked after me also with most loving
care and faithful and also as hard working wife.
</div>
<br />
<div>
I took up blogging after my daughter gave her huge computer table with
her Desktop Computer and I started this blog in 1979 when I had a B & W camera
so many pictuers are in B & W.
</div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWafuy70mzeweS8wSeadLHh-qKJCe4SmxYwIfakIrpPz4sNcllJZGneWpJ70AAU40hJLAfTSuPhfV7mDe8DUj-zDwLy1Mgr9UR-mI6Xvr0U3084fU9abQOLiJO8q4NQmaxA0nl2QlAcACsStOpuwa3GzfnFsnbTKBJU3hO9ti-q3Fxc_NjqOU4aMZNODjl/s1600/IMG_0198.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="984" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWafuy70mzeweS8wSeadLHh-qKJCe4SmxYwIfakIrpPz4sNcllJZGneWpJ70AAU40hJLAfTSuPhfV7mDe8DUj-zDwLy1Mgr9UR-mI6Xvr0U3084fU9abQOLiJO8q4NQmaxA0nl2QlAcACsStOpuwa3GzfnFsnbTKBJU3hO9ti-q3Fxc_NjqOU4aMZNODjl/s200/IMG_0198.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCBhwBWf0hjmEsVgj2zkQ7rj426QTkO8sZUInSZQgHxmRIlPrstnLV3jOB1sUEOry4nYCCmNqURJ3CvxPS3aOCrphdNWzc1PMqjPw_psheFa3bk9aM_kMgt7sik88DSVZ_SuI2QLwnZzTuQMDskgKJOK99H017iqd6axZ-ip6y1slFPA7UWFLP3kBN_2i/s1600/IMG_0194.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1033" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCBhwBWf0hjmEsVgj2zkQ7rj426QTkO8sZUInSZQgHxmRIlPrstnLV3jOB1sUEOry4nYCCmNqURJ3CvxPS3aOCrphdNWzc1PMqjPw_psheFa3bk9aM_kMgt7sik88DSVZ_SuI2QLwnZzTuQMDskgKJOK99H017iqd6axZ-ip6y1slFPA7UWFLP3kBN_2i/s200/IMG_0194.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHmHu_KmUxiuXh7QV20zbahfdzrSOy0WcnRjhXZrrjdnaQQHhGodbdvXWjXKKbqJYfVDru3HBOMfucgs06-xSeDKDzqDi-u6dAgVb-YXbybsfgyZTGyBIIW54qZ_Vp6da_wGo14EKgfiRFDHhn6d6gQF-UAZEkW9bOe28dx_xLnR8hGoi_lvWT-9eGAg3v/s1511/IMG_0195.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1511" data-original-width="1233" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHmHu_KmUxiuXh7QV20zbahfdzrSOy0WcnRjhXZrrjdnaQQHhGodbdvXWjXKKbqJYfVDru3HBOMfucgs06-xSeDKDzqDi-u6dAgVb-YXbybsfgyZTGyBIIW54qZ_Vp6da_wGo14EKgfiRFDHhn6d6gQF-UAZEkW9bOe28dx_xLnR8hGoi_lvWT-9eGAg3v/s200/IMG_0195.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdT9CIUE-jFO8rqBgn0KL5BXy51nN1UjLFUqXW8OadtsX9e5xPR_Fqf4hn_5FgOHc5ApHJQNGmtCJtX7Df0kqZOO4o9fq19IVyM70ByBdLls36KF_DvkWVcTnFVcrnfkiYO2zGekuyzpgIsyk2FZyFWwbjozJx1aYQcC-wZ4om33F3jV42vV8Eyuscuxaq/s1600/IMG_0196.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1180" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdT9CIUE-jFO8rqBgn0KL5BXy51nN1UjLFUqXW8OadtsX9e5xPR_Fqf4hn_5FgOHc5ApHJQNGmtCJtX7Df0kqZOO4o9fq19IVyM70ByBdLls36KF_DvkWVcTnFVcrnfkiYO2zGekuyzpgIsyk2FZyFWwbjozJx1aYQcC-wZ4om33F3jV42vV8Eyuscuxaq/s200/IMG_0196.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div>The pictures of family pooja photos that my wife worshiped on
Yearly "Navaratri Day" the famous Mysore Royal Festival that is
more than 410 years which goes on even in 2023 is gift compulsory
that is given to my wife by her Father & Mother when she said
good bye to her father,mother,sister & brothers who was with her
all the 19 years of her 'LIFE' as the youngest of the family.
</div><br />
<div class="separator" div="" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSAONdTjP5GmBGKmsxr5qjZH2uYzDIIGGuQ3PkmRVjfnTEplUa7uGCiQ0x9TivEAB2ZoiB55B-cepZTokUXKrjS8xi6mR8qAgTGAZskJ3xvdp5nAQ3JTA6tyL8wnNsUQPiSD3CAHnsDcGAcYyZs59g65Uq6ogktm-uy51Os-2PfEl_4HnjiYPWlxL2l9v-/s4032/IMG_2978.HEIC" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSAONdTjP5GmBGKmsxr5qjZH2uYzDIIGGuQ3PkmRVjfnTEplUa7uGCiQ0x9TivEAB2ZoiB55B-cepZTokUXKrjS8xi6mR8qAgTGAZskJ3xvdp5nAQ3JTA6tyL8wnNsUQPiSD3CAHnsDcGAcYyZs59g65Uq6ogktm-uy51Os-2PfEl_4HnjiYPWlxL2l9v-/s200/IMG_2978.HEIC" /></a></div>
<div><b>THE Light that she keeps lighting on 'Deepavali Day'
A day celebrated all over over STATE - Karnataka the old
"Royal Family also celebrate" and we celebrate by lighting
a small oil Lamp in front of our home"</b></div>
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<div>
The "Harald Car" of the one popular small car which was at that time
once's fancy,was my fancy:I purchased, after I was promoted from my
position as 'Spinning Superintendent'to "Production Manager" in the
same mills which was a NTC Mills unit the largest Mill in Karnataka.
This Car was used when ever I went with my wife and my little son
on a Holoday with my friend Sri.Dilip Kumar Mahalnobis and his wife.
My wife and Son are with them in the picture below.
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<img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="925" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcg8rHyx1MF4fYJ0qOu_pD0vg7PBiG8NmjPXZT0jS79VwtqQMRcjljcB2ytbs8op_L1-VBbQm5c5w5GQyIv7h9lPTv4d_XZhh8Q7fI7PiJqHitOMRJgrBw69e1lvMaoxgwGh9Wyf9svQgZxFtc2ZKkymEHbqM1tiMk4lG_aUC0vDutrqvsgixUBV2GdLe/s200/IMG-20210206-WA0001.jpg" width="200" /></div>
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<div>
<b>In the picture below is: </b></div><r/>
<div><b>One of our Best Vegitarian Hotel was this in Bangalore.
This was also very near to our mills HO and my wife's
parents home and my own home little more distance from
this hotel but in the west, Bangalore's populous Brigade
Road in the east was my favorite restaurant which was run
by a China man & his people.(Now no more)</b> <div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOpkkNwEf15aQjQ7pRTLZrSrkxMbeOadRCmmfGC5wLtRCNyg2aNm_YeskKyu1-IFqd9AoY9IQnE5liKpzqu29IQI7lBzfK37-XYuuwRWJT6l-B7L_N9HpghKuoEozhDUn6qRlTVBhY8vGXten6LZSgpUVEHSroTHFw76vsCJfPoxXNy0VrWqkOqgpBNCuL/s720/LIBERTY%20THEATER.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="451" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOpkkNwEf15aQjQ7pRTLZrSrkxMbeOadRCmmfGC5wLtRCNyg2aNm_YeskKyu1-IFqd9AoY9IQnE5liKpzqu29IQI7lBzfK37-XYuuwRWJT6l-B7L_N9HpghKuoEozhDUn6qRlTVBhY8vGXten6LZSgpUVEHSroTHFw76vsCJfPoxXNy0VrWqkOqgpBNCuL/s320/LIBERTY%20THEATER.jpg"/></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyJ_6v-r6JfszHzjXjXL-Rk93bHXnTm-1TVGLzQtLNd0IaSs5C4b625EgqHex5jh_doITtkr_vNU3uGUU8NZ5fdTtH7DEApjAzM0vnACJoKDM15QWDGVI9XdLSimMSkWpn3gk144i-UnKQlbnOyJ_JYoo712Om7IMnxdZDPBxp4wGcE6l-ilqNxR-Es7hP/s3264/IMG_20221229_085744.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyJ_6v-r6JfszHzjXjXL-Rk93bHXnTm-1TVGLzQtLNd0IaSs5C4b625EgqHex5jh_doITtkr_vNU3uGUU8NZ5fdTtH7DEApjAzM0vnACJoKDM15QWDGVI9XdLSimMSkWpn3gk144i-UnKQlbnOyJ_JYoo712Om7IMnxdZDPBxp4wGcE6l-ilqNxR-Es7hP/s320/IMG_20221229_085744.jpg"/></a></div>
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S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-64901242390742038842023-07-15T09:26:00.006+05:302023-11-27T19:25:47.568+05:30[ Theth in Albania.]
to this country is worth for people who like globe trotters.
</div>
<br /><div>
Albanians in Albania,Who are they they?, they all once belonged to
good old communist country and now it is a independent country.A visitS K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-90149837240911149292023-06-17T09:55:00.002+05:302023-07-04T13:08:24.312+05:30[Nanotechnology and the Internet of Things: Boosting efficiency and capability. ]<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-MVwr0K51QSgYQKkZwxNKLU_HLkD-CWBXFwnpn0rqVBiqevGrI1ox_C7wJd7rpMwVyMmBzpEGg9HN5ydEUfJGaw_mkJYozZFBiwSFU1zWou6FWyf6a7qp-mfNfmZT7hE3awwVdBUR6yvhjkNbbMrdXkN47IfnQnZ7p3UFsVvAZbsEPR8qoc94WEINQ/s590/id27349.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="159" data-original-width="590" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-MVwr0K51QSgYQKkZwxNKLU_HLkD-CWBXFwnpn0rqVBiqevGrI1ox_C7wJd7rpMwVyMmBzpEGg9HN5ydEUfJGaw_mkJYozZFBiwSFU1zWou6FWyf6a7qp-mfNfmZT7hE3awwVdBUR6yvhjkNbbMrdXkN47IfnQnZ7p3UFsVvAZbsEPR8qoc94WEINQ/s200/id27349.jpg"/></a></div>
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<pre>
Jan 09, 2023
<center><b>Nanotechnology and the Internet of Things:
Boosting efficiency and capability.</b></center>
(Nanowerk Spotlight) The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system
of interconnected physical objects equipped with sensors,
processors, and other technologies that allow for the exchange
of relevant data over the internet.
In 1999, British technologist Kevin Ashton coined the term
Internet of Things to define a network that not only connects
people, but also the objects around them. According to Ashton,
“the IoT network integrates the interconnectedness of human
culture – our 'things' – with the interconnectedness of our
digital information system – the internet.”
The number of IoT devices is expected to reach 75 billion by 2025,
generating potentially hundreds of zettabytes of data. This growth
is enabled by technologies such as cloud computing and big data
analytics, as well as communication protocols including Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, ZigBee, NFC, LPWA, and 5G.
<b>Number of installed IoT devices per person in 2030.</b>
According to forecasts, the number of IoT connected devices
will grow dramatically to 75 billion in 2025 and a staggering
125 billion by 2030. At that point, there will be almost 15 things
connected to the Internet for each human on earth.
(Source: reply.com)
As billions of 'dumb' inanimate objects have become 'smart'
(i.e., connected), and billions more are added every year,
the IoT is now at work all around us. RFID tags track produce
from harvest to store shelf; GPS systems guide cars, ships and
planes to their destinations; streetlights dim when there is no
car nearby; smart room controls turn off heat, air conditioning
and lights when rooms are unoccupied.
Industries and governments now use IoT to understand consumer
needs in real time; become more responsive; improve production
processes and entire factory efficiencies; transform communities
into smart cities.
<b>Nanotechnology has the potential to impact and improve several
key components of the IoT</b>
Key components that are essential to the functioning of the
Internet of Things include sensors and devices, network
connectivity, data storage and processing, user interfaces,
and security. Many aspects of these elements can be enhanced
by nanotechnologies. These include:
Sensors and devices: These are the "things" in the Internet
of Things, and they are equipped with sensors that can collect
data about their environment, such as temperature, humidity,
location, and motion.
Nanomaterials can be used to create smaller, more sensitive
sensors that are capable of detecting a wide range of parameters,
including temperature, humidity, pressure, and chemical composition.
Nanosensors use a variety of nanomaterials to monitor physical,
chemical, and biological phenomena, and can have advantages in
terms of sensitivity, response time, and power consumption.
For example, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been used to
create highly sensitive sensors for detecting gases and pollutants.
One great example of these new types of sensors and how they can be
used in novel ways is a 'tooth tattoo' sensor that may help
dentists assess patients' oral health:
tooth tattoo sensor
The sensor (A), attached to a tooth (B) and activated by radio signals
(C), binds with certain bacteria (D). (Illustration: Manu Mannoor)
The sensor is relatively simple in its construction and made
up of just three layers: a sheet of thin gold foil electrodes,
an atom-thick layer of graphene, and a layer of specially
engineered peptides, chemical structures that “sense” bacteria
by binding to parts of their cell membranes.
Powering these devices requires energy and researchers are
working on various ways of doing that. For instance, the size
of the single solar cell used in IoT applications is much smaller,
and in combination with the lower power input available in low-light
indoor settings as well as the emission spectra of light sources
other than the sun, renders the need for high conversion
efficiency paramount.
A recent progress report compares emerging indoor photovoltaic
technologies with alternative energy harvesters (piezoelectric,
triboelectric, thermoelectric, and ambient RF) and provides a
great overview of this field ("Emerging Indoor Photovoltaic
Technologies for Sustainable Internet of Things").
As another recent review explains and addresses in great detail
(Advanced Functional Materials, "Advances in Organic and Perovskite
Photovoltaics Enabling a Greener Internet of Things"), the requirements
that solar cells should satisfy to power IoT devices are quite
different to the ones usually deemed necessary for application
in outdoor-placed solar panels.
Network connectivity: In order for the sensors and devices to
communicate with each other and with the wider internet, they
need to be connected to a network. This could be a local area
network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the internet,
or a combination of both.
<b>Nanostructures can be used to improve network connectivity.</b>
For instance, nanomaterials such as graphene, quantum dots and silver
nanowires can be used to create smaller, more efficient antennas and
other components that are essential for wireless communication.
These materials have high conductivity and can transmit signals
over long distances with minimal loss.
<b>Nanoantennas, often made from graphene, can be used for wireless
communication in the terahertz frequency band and can be consolidated
with nanosensors using carbon nanotubes.</b>
In addition, nanostructures such as nanoparticles and nanofilms
can be used to create more efficient and robust wireless communication
systems, such as those used in satellite and 5G networks.
Well-established nanophotonics technologies will enable the secure
quantum communication and information networks that are required by
the IoT. For instance, a recently demonstrated nanoantenna will
help bring quantum information networks closer to practical use.
Here, researchers have substantially enhanced photon-to-electron
conversion through a metal nanostructure, which is an important
step forward in the development of advanced technologies for
sharing and processing data.
Conceptual illustration of efficient illumination of photons to
semiconductor lateral quantum dots, by using a surface plasmon
antenna and excitation of electrons in the quantum dots
Conceptual illustration of efficient illumination of photons to
semiconductor lateral quantum dots, by using a surface plasmon
antenna and excitation of electrons in the quantum dots.
(Image: Oiwa lab, Osaka University)
Data storage and processing: The data collected by the sensors
and devices needs to be stored somewhere, and often needs to be
processed in order to be useful. This is typically done using
servers and cloud computing resources.
Nanostructures such as nanoparticles and nanofilms can be
used to create denser, more efficient storage media, such as
hard drives and memory chips. For example, researchers have
used nanoparticles to create high-density data storage media
with a capacity that is several orders of magnitude higher
than current hard drives.
In addition, nanoelectronics could be used to create faster,
more powerful processors and other computing components.
For example, researchers are exploring the use of quantum
dot technology to create ultra-fast, low-power processors.
Avoiding traditional silicon chips and instead using a fabrication
technique called transfer printing, researchers have developed
nanoelectronics stickers specifically for the use with IoT devices.
These tiny, thin-film electronic circuits are peelable from a surface.
The technique not only eliminates several manufacturing steps and
the associated costs, but also allows any object to sense its environment
or be controlled through the application of a high-tech sticker.
Watch the video:
User interfaces: In order for people to interact with the IoT
system, there needs to be some kind of user interface, such as a
smartphone app or a web-based dashboard.
Nanostructures can be used to create smaller, more portable
devices such as smartphones and tablets. For example, researchers
are exploring the use of flexible nanomaterials such as graphene
and silver nanowires to create bendable and foldable displays.
Smart fabrics could be used to monitor vital signs and provide
real-time information to users, and could be used for industrial
purposes to ensure worker safety.
In addition, nanostructures can be used to improve the performance
and efficiency of displays and other components, such as
touchscreens, cameras, and speakers. For example, nanoparticles
can be used to create brighter and more efficient displays, and
nanofibers can be used to create more powerful speakers.
<b>Security:</b>
Ensuring the security of an IoT system is critical, as it
involves sensitive data and the potential for malicious
actors to compromise the system.
Nanomaterials can be used to create more secure,
anti-counterfeiting authentication systems, such as
biometric sensors and nanoscale security features.
For example, researchers are exploring the use of
carbon nanotubes for physically unclonable functions.
Another example is an optical microresonator array with
unreplicable spectral fingerprints to create optical
patterns that cannot be duplicated. The researchers used
their technology to create a millimeter-size approximation
of the Mona Lisa (see image below). This approximation
contains a unique, embedded fluorescence fingerprint
that cannot be duplicated.
Optical microresonator arrays of fluorescence-switchable
diarylethenes depicting the Mona Lisa
Researchers from the University of Tsukuba create
millimeter-size chips with unique color patterns
that cannot be forged.
In addition, nanostructures can be used to create more
robust and resilient network infrastructure, which can
help to prevent attacks and improve the overall security
of the IoT system. For example, researchers are exploring
the use of nanomaterials to create more secure and
efficient encryption systems, and to create networks
that are more resistant to interference and jamming.
In terms of terminology, some argue that the Internet
of Things has given rise to the concept of the Internet
of Nano Things (IoNT), which is a communication network
paradigm based on nanotechnology that enables the
interconnection of nanoscale devices through existing networks.
In other words: the IoNT isn’t that different from the IoT –
except that is connects nanoscale devices, objects and even
organisms. For the purpose of this article, we stick just to the IoT.
Specific examples of how nanotechnology is being used to enhance the IoT
Longer-lasting batteries: Nanoparticles can be used to create
more efficient and longer-lasting batteries for IoT devices.
For example, mechanical engineers at the University of Maryland
have demonstrated that using nanotechnology in batteries will
improve battery performance. This could lead to IoT devices
with much longer battery life, reducing the need for frequent charging.
More sensitive and accurate sensors: Nanosensors are incredibly
small sensors that can detect a wide range of physical,
chemical, and biological parameters. They can be used to
improve the sensitivity and accuracy of IoT devices, such as
wearable fitness trackers or environmental monitoring systems.
For example, researchers at the University of California,
Berkeley have developed a nanosensor that can detect trace
amounts of toxic gases and turn your smartphone into a smart
gas sensor.
Self-powered systems: Self-powered nanotechnology based on
piezoelectric nanogenerators aims at powering nanodevices
and nanosystems using the energy harvested from the environment
in which these systems are suppose to operate. This offers a
completely new approach for harvesting mechanical energy using
organic and inorganic materials. These nanogenerators could be
used to power small, lightweight IoT devices, such as wearable
sensors, without the need for external batteries.
Enhanced data storage: Nanostructures can also be used to
improve data storage in IoT devices.
<b>For example, researchers.</b>
Researchers developed a new fast and energy-efficient
laser-writing method for producing nanostructures in
silica glass. They used the method to record 6 GB data
in a one-inch silica glass sample. The four squares
pictured each measure just 8.8 X 8.8 mm.
They also used the laser-writing method to write the
university logo and mark on the glass.
(Image: Yuhao Lei and Peter G. Kazansky, University of Southampton)
Improved wireless communication: Single-layer molybdenum disulfide
(MoS2) can be used to improve wireless communication in IoT devices
by increasing the speed and range of data transmission. For example,
researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed
flexible radio frequency (RF) transistors operating at GHz performance,
which very promising for the design of low-power and high-frequency
flexible RF nanoelectronics systems.
Another example is a tunable, graphene-based device that could
significantly increase the speed and efficiency of wireless
communication systems such as the IoT.
The device, which is only several hundred micrometers
(around 0.05 cm) long and wide, can be stiff or flexible,
is easily miniaturized, and uses very little energy.
In addition to improving the flow of data between
connected devices, it could extend battery life and lead
to ever more compact devices. In its flexible state,
it could be easily used in sensors placed in clothes or
directly on the human body.
<b>Increased durability:</b>
Nanoparticles can be used to make IoT devices more durable
and resistant to wear and tear. For example, researchers
at Osaka University have developed cohesive circuit protection
for wearable electronics using self-healing cellulose nanofibers.
Improved data security: Quantum Cryptography is one emerging
security technology that offers radically new protection measures
for communication systems. At the heart of any quantum system
is the most basic building block, the quantum bit or qbit, which
carries the quantum information that can be transferred and
processed (this is the quantum analogue of the bit used in
current information systems). The most promising carrier qbit
for ultimately fast, long distance quantum information transfer
is the photon, the quantum unit of light. Already, researchers
that can operate on a chip at ambient temperatures. Using quantum
dots, the scientists developed a method in which a single nanocrystal
can be accurately positioned on top of a specially designed and
carefully fabricated nano-antenna. Such highly directional single
photon source could lead to a significant progress in producing compact,
cheap, and efficient sources of quantum information bits for future
quantum technological applications
Advanced medical devices: Nanomaterials and -structures can be
used to create advanced medical devices for use in the IoT, such
as smart pills that can monitor and diagnose medical conditions
from inside the body. For example, engineering researchers at the
University of California, San Diego, have developed a battery-free,
pill-shaped ingestible biosensing system designed to provide continuous
monitoring in the intestinal environment. It gives scientists the
ability to monitor gut metabolites in real time.
self-powered ingestible sensor system
The self-powered ingestible sensor system designed to monitor
metabolites in the small intestine over time. (Image: David Ballot,
Jacobs School of Engineering, UC San Diego)
Enhanced renewable energy: Nanotechnology can be used to
improve the efficiency of renewable energy technologies, such
as solar panels, for use in the IoT. For example, materials
scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles, have
developed a highly efficient thin-film solar cell that generates
more energy from sunlight than typical solar panels, thanks to
its double-layer design. The cell's copper, indium, gallium and
selenide (CIGS) base layer, which is about 2 microns thick,
absorbs sunlight and generates energy on its own, but adding
a 1 micron-thick perovskite layer improves its efficiency – much
like how adding a turbocharger to a car engine can improve its
performance. The two layers are joined by a nanoscale interface
that the researchers designed; the interface helps give the device
higher voltage, which increases the amount of power it can export.
(For more on this read:
"Perovskite photovoltaics for a greener Internet-of-Things")
<b>Conclusion.</b>
In conclusion, the combination of nanotechnology and the
Internet of Things has the potential to bring significant
benefits and improvements to a wide range of applications.
Nanotechnology can enhance the performance and capabilities
of IoT devices by enabling the creation of smaller, more
efficient, and more versatile sensors, antennas, and processors.
These improvements can lead to greater accuracy, energy efficiency,
and versatility in a variety of applications, including healthcare,
industrial monitoring, and environmental sensing.
However, there are also challenges and limitations to using
nanotechnology in the IoT, including the cost of production,
communication and processing limitations, and susceptibility
to physical damage and interference. To overcome these challenges,
it will be important to continue researching and developing
strategies for addressing these issues, as well as exploring new
IoT-relevant applications and technologies that can take advantage
of the unique capabilities of nanotechnology.
Overall, the intersection of nanotechnology and the IoT holds
great promise for the future, and it will be interesting to see
how these two technologies continue to evolve and intersect in
the coming years.
Michael Berger By Michael Berger – Michael is author of
three books by the Royal Society of Chemistry:
Nano-Society: Pushing the Boundaries of Technology,
Nanotechnology: <b>The Future is Tiny and Nanoengineering is The Skills
and Tools of Making Technology Invisible</b>
Copyright © Nanowerk LLC
</pre>
<br/>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-50415575155815545002023-05-31T20:10:00.003+05:302023-05-31T20:17:47.421+05:30[Automatic Dosa Making Machine. ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-sBWRdSPkT8_9WdaUJLVTY3RehYIN8fMKJMNUDo-zX_yiE_4KL51aVd6dUX95nHH-XiS-F-M1AsPGGUpjRsf2PKMtrDF-KPpbLcXs0a9YZg4QFfcM4o5QPh1-RLMp4KDcHC11WTaZN1Gx6c9wJK24DbUWdhiSxEswZa1EFjmQobIj-JqttXbsPyM1BA/s750/Automatic%20Dosa%20Making%20Machine..jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="750" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-sBWRdSPkT8_9WdaUJLVTY3RehYIN8fMKJMNUDo-zX_yiE_4KL51aVd6dUX95nHH-XiS-F-M1AsPGGUpjRsf2PKMtrDF-KPpbLcXs0a9YZg4QFfcM4o5QPh1-RLMp4KDcHC11WTaZN1Gx6c9wJK24DbUWdhiSxEswZa1EFjmQobIj-JqttXbsPyM1BA/s320/Automatic%20Dosa%20Making%20Machine..jpg"/></a></div>
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<div>
<a href="https://youtu.be/czeWzpyetO8">https://youtu.be/czeWzpyetO8</a>
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<br/>
Click on the link above to view Table top Machine rooling out Hot Dosa's
at the rate of 1 DOSA per minute.S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-40085727760747963022023-05-31T11:03:00.006+05:302023-05-31T11:26:38.718+05:30[The DENIMS of everyone globally. ]<div>
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<div>
<b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"> </span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;">Origins of “Jeans” & “Denim”</span></b>
</div>
<br />
<div>
Jeans date back to 1567 with the introduction of the word
“genoese” or “genes” to describe the tough twill trousers
worn by merchant sailors from the Italian coastal city of Genoa.
</div>
<div>
<br/>
<pre>Levi Strauss & Co.
Denim as we know it today originated in 1860, when Levi Strauss & Co.,
which was making work pants out of a stiff canvas fabric, added
serge de Nîmes to its product line at the request of customers
wanting a softer, less chafing fabric.
In 1873, Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patented their riveted work
pant that kept the pocket and seams from bursting when doing heavy
work. Denim was the staple of farm and industrial wear throughout
the late 1800s and mid-1900s. It still retains the title of America’s
favorite work pant today.
History of Denim
Denim in Fashion
During the 1950s, young America discovered blue jeans and the
industry exploded in the United States. Blue jeans went from
being sold as solely a work and utility fabric to capturing the
interests of the fashion-conscious public.
This fashion soon spread to other cultures and denim became more
than just a piece of fabric, it grew into a social statement.
Companies like Levi Strauss and H.D. Lee quickly responded when
American and European teenagers embraced denim jeans as embodying
the “Elvis” or “James Dean” look.
Elvis Presley wearing denim in the movie Jailhouse Rock
Elvis Presley, Jailhouse Rock
James Dean wearing blue jeans in the movie Rebel Without a Cause
James Dean, Rebel Without A Cause
Characteristics of Denim
The basic denim jean gets its unique character
from its yarn, indigo dyestuff, weaving and
design, and washes and technical finishes.
Like other fabrics, denim can be dyed, washed down,
chemically finished, or mechanically finished.
Chemical finishes can include the application of such
substances as DP or durable press, softeners, stain
repellents, water repellents, and others.
Mechanical finishing can include brushing, sanding,
laser etching, color discharge, and many other novel effects.
These effects are made possible by the special character
of denim yarns, the special character of indigo dyed yarns,
specialized garment processing machinery, denim garment
washing and finishing processes, denim garment overdyeing,
and denim garment functional finishing.
Denim Yarn
The final look and feel of a denim garment depend in
large part on its yarn. Yarn can range from soft to firm,
even to uneven, weak to strong. The yarn’s twist direction
and level of twist also impact the final effect of garment
finishing as does the choice of ring or open-end spun yarn.
In recent years, advances in the production of effect yarns,
such as slub, accent, and stretch yarns have also played a
part in developing new looks. With denim, yarn evenness is
important. Even yarns provide a smooth surface that washes
down or abrades to a uniform shade. Uneven yarns that vary
in thickness result in great variations in shade. In fact
with some abrasion finishing processes, thick areas can be
abraded down to the white yarn core of the indigo dyes while
the thin areas might be hardly abraded at all.
Yarn twist has a similar impact on color and abrasion results.
Low twist yarns are softer and tend to wash down or abrade more
rapidly than higher twist yarns. Yarn twist also affects fabric
hand, stiffness, strength, skew, cover, drape, appearance, and
other characteristics. Another yarn characteristic that impacts
finishing is size including the mixture of yarn sizes in a single
fabric. Varying yarn sizes will affect finishing in a way similar
to that of slub yarns. Slub yarns are yarns spun to have long and
thick effects in them with subs in either the warp, filling, or both.
Open-end and ring-spun yarns can both obtain slub effects.
Indigo Dye
Indigo dye is one of the most important factors affecting the
look of denim. When indigo dyes are used, it gives the denim
fabric a unique ability to fade in color after repeated laundering.
Indigo dye originated as a vegetable dye from the Indigofera
tinctoria plant from India and Africa thousands of years ago.
An indigo-dyed robe was found during an excavation in Egypt and
is estimated to have been made around 2500 B.C.
In the Americas at the same time, a different type of indigo plant,
Indigofera suffruticosa or Indigofera erecta, was used to make
Natal indigo dyes. It was an important dye for the Mayan people
who used it to paint their sacrifices prior to scarification as
well as dyeing the royals clothing.
In the cooler climates of the world, like Europe, indigo was also
produced from the Isatis tinctoria, or woad plant, and Polygonum
tinctorium, also known as dyer’s knotweed.
In 1878, German chemist Adolf von Baeyer invented the first
synthetic indigo dye. In fact, indigo was the first synthetic
indigo dyestuff. By 1914, almost 95% of the natural indigo
trade had disappeared. Today, synthetic indigo dyestuff accounts
for essentially 100% of all denim products.
Indigofera tinctoria plant, also known as true indigo
Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo)
During the 1980s, there was a designer jean craze with many
styling variants. This phase ended in the 1990s when
Levi Strauss & Company created the “Back to Basics” slogan.
This began the revival of the ringspun denim but by the mid-90s,
the designer jean craze had resurfaced with many companies
producing their own brands. Now, advances in finishing techniques
especially garment processes and fabric technology have created
a high-tech denim jeans market.
Indigo dye yields a deep, bright shade of blue but with a low
affinity for cotton, and as a result, it can be easily washed
down in mill processing. Even the most state-of-the-art synthetic
versions of indigo have an improved cotton affinity. Ring-dyed
cotton is the key to many current denim garment finishes.
Ring-dyed or white core cotton refers to yarn that is dyed
with indigo in such a way as to keep the core of the yarn white.
The white core is clearly visible. Without this ring-dyed effect,
many of the most popular denim garment looks would not be possible
but with proper cloth construction, dyeing, garment manufacturing,
and finishing techniques, denim continues to take on fresh new looks.
</pre>
</div>
<br/>
<div>Source:</div>
<a href="https://www.cottonworks.com/en/topics/sourcing-manufacturing/denim/denim-history/">https://www.cottonworks.com/en/topics/sourcing-manufacturing/denim/denim-history/</a>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-54536102544661064172023-05-21T21:06:00.013+05:302023-05-23T18:47:40.758+05:30[ The Real Kerala Story ]<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Kzyarf49fiooQ_ApyTDFKyLr6-qJebE48FkcXt_RbTJXiMvecQ8Cmllc0v7AKuA5i88OfpUqABboOqKdBMMO6xbV0SXI_qgtV7eKOPLHb2uE_0ktBNBYJa7wYkPLle3MlwywR9wlfkGZR8W2jx5jhObboeyaClwQpnL1_sA8HQjwhYuE0CfM8xmekQ/s2206/IMG_20230520_093546~2.jpg" style="clear: left; display: block; float: left; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1939" data-original-width="2206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Kzyarf49fiooQ_ApyTDFKyLr6-qJebE48FkcXt_RbTJXiMvecQ8Cmllc0v7AKuA5i88OfpUqABboOqKdBMMO6xbV0SXI_qgtV7eKOPLHb2uE_0ktBNBYJa7wYkPLle3MlwywR9wlfkGZR8W2jx5jhObboeyaClwQpnL1_sA8HQjwhYuE0CfM8xmekQ/s200/IMG_20230520_093546~2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I stayed in Kerala for 5 years.
<br />
<div><pre><b>Kerala,a Jewel in India's crown,unfolds a remarkable
tale of social harmony,equitable growth,and progressive
values. With the unique model of inclusive development</b></pre></div>
<br />
<div><pre>Kerala has emerged as an exemplar of people-centrist
progress.Here,compassion and social justice drive policies that
empower marginalize communities and foster equal opportunities
for all, Kerala shines as beacon of progressive ideals, where
every voice matters and the spirit of unity paves the way for
a brighter future.Discover the real story, where dreams thrive,
and humanity under flourishes under the
Pinarayi Vijayan Government, which celebrates its
second anniversary.</pre></div>
<br />
<div><b>INNOVATIONS:</b>
</div><br />
<div><pre>India's First Super FabLab.
India's First Digital University.
India's First Graphene Center
India's First Digital Science Park.
India's First Water Metro.
Digital India Platinum Icon award for
its Digital Workforce Management System.
</pre></div>
<div><b>INFRASTRUCTURE</b></div>
<div><pre>The only Indian State that funded
land acquisition(Rs.550 Crore) for NH
development.
First and only state to provide to provide
electricity to every household.
A Rs,3,000 Crore investment was made for the
modernization of Govt schools.
The first state to declare internet access
as a people's right and initiated the K-Fon project
which broadband connections aManthan in 1,050 infrastructure
development projects.</pre>
<div><b>HEALTHCARE.</b></div>
<div><pre>Winners of India Today's Healthgiri
Award for the best Covid vaccination drive
in the country.
Winner of centre's Arogya Manthan Award for
providing the highest number of free treatments
in 2022.
State with the lows maternal and child mortality
rate.
Rs.55,330 Crore allocation for health sector
in the last five years.</pre></div>
<div><b>TOURISM AND GLOBAL RECOGNITION</b></div>
<b>Selected as one of the 52 must visit places in
2023 bt the New York Times.</b><br />
<div><b>SOCIAL WELFARE</b></div>
<pre><b>Vayoshreshtha Samman' for Best Elderly Care in 2021</b>
<b>Rs.11,600 per month as social welfare pension
to 62 lakh beneficiaries.</b>
<b>Distributed land titles to 2.99 lakh landless people.</b>
<b>3.39 lakh houses for homeless families under the
LIFE Mission Housing project.</b>
<b>Allocated healthcare aid from CMDRF to 6.8 lakh people.</b>
<b>Near Universal coverage of the Public Distribution
System that serves 95 lakh ration card holders.</b>
<b>Distributed 3.5 lakh priority ration cards.</b>
</pre>
<br />
<div>Source:</div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">THE TIMES OF INDIA,Bengaluru
SATURDAY,MAY 20, 2023,Page 5. </span></div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Advertisement given by</span></div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Information & Public Relations</span></div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Depatment</span></div><div><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Government of Kerala
</span></div>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-68059948570153942842023-05-16T21:41:00.002+05:302023-05-16T22:54:59.540+05:30 [ SRI LANKA’S EASTER BOMBINGS : LESSONS FOR Others.]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj38IeKmnyH-lVE4nUwL6C-jgEo93e7DHJcSC0XZZ-dr_lwUejjk_WTdxvq7fs_WI8hD9Zc4xDcgj1crDyW_N8leYvlN5mnqJlDWIhfzG5iffqIvGKVqIPMEiMzuuaFMxZgeO4eOQ3lQJ1inVEEldO-VEArujsn9RcUcvfh4Pljbf7mJ2B4dvghDqKqIg/s143/Sri%20%20Lanka.jpeg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="117" data-original-width="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj38IeKmnyH-lVE4nUwL6C-jgEo93e7DHJcSC0XZZ-dr_lwUejjk_WTdxvq7fs_WI8hD9Zc4xDcgj1crDyW_N8leYvlN5mnqJlDWIhfzG5iffqIvGKVqIPMEiMzuuaFMxZgeO4eOQ3lQJ1inVEEldO-VEArujsn9RcUcvfh4Pljbf7mJ2B4dvghDqKqIg/s200/Sri%20%20Lanka.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<center><b>SRI LANKA’S EASTER BOMBINGS : LESSONS FOR Neighbourers?.</b></center>
<div>Source:</div>
<center>June 11, 2019 By Col Anuraag Singh Rawat, SM</center>
<br />
<div>The scenic island country of Sri Lanka was thrown into turmoil on
Easter Day (21 April 2019) last month when eight bomb blasts ripped
through multiple cities and locations including three Churches and
high end hotels. With a death toll of more than 255 and nearly 500
injured1 it is one of the bloodiest bombings witnessed by the
region. The Islamic State has taken credit for the bombings and
released a video and photographs claiming ownership of the bombers.
While the investigations are in the preliminary stages and the hunt
for additional bombers and their accomplices is still on, there are.</div>
<br />
<div>In the aftermath of the
tragedy, emergency was declared while the Sri Lankan security forces
swung into action and launched a nationwide hunt for the
perpetrator’s accomplices, claiming that two previously little-known
local Islamist groups - National Thowheed Jamath (NTJ) and Jamathei
Millathu Ibraheem - whom they suspect had international links were
responsible2, with cleric Zahran Hashim as the mastermind. Relatives
of the Islamist preacher Zahran Hashim, were infact among the 15
people killed on 26 April when police raided a house in the eastern
town of Sainthamaruthu.3 The Islamic State meanwhile released
photographs of the alleged bombers with Zahran Hashim and claimed
credit for the bombings.</div>
<br />
<div>Regional Impact<br />
<div>While news of ignored intelligence warnings with specific attack
based information having been ignored surfaced and the political
divisions between the Sri Lankan President and Prime Minister are
being attributed for the lackadaisical response to the intelligence
inputs given by India,there are certain other lessons that need to be
studied and corrected, if required, in the countries of the region.
The region is no stranger to terrorism, with Afghanistan – Pakistan
being a hotbed for the same. The specter of terrorism has also raised
its head in India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia and
Maldives, to name a few. In addition most of the countries in the
region have had people going out of the country to fight for the
Islamic State and thus would have people who have returned or are
trying to do so.</div>
<br />
<div>The countries in the region
thus, in varying numbers, definitely have people who have been
indoctrinated by the Islamic State’s Salafist ideology and these
same people given the right conditions would certainly be looking at
spreading the ideology. The response and reaction to dealing with
this menace by the countries of the region has been diverse - from
the incredulous / disbelieving and denying any presence of Islamic
State in the country, like Sri Lanka’s reaction till the Easter
bombings to the muscular approach adopted by the Philippines4. <br />
While the Islamic State of Khorasan(ISK) in Afghanistan, is actually
controlling territory, though heavily contested by both the security
forces and Taliban, the more dangerous Islamic State affiliates are
groups which are invisible and thus below the radar of the
intelligence agencies due to their low profile and covert extremist
activities. They assume prominence only after carrying out deadly
terrorist attacks, like the NTJ in Sri Lanka or the Neo JMB or
Jamaat-ul Mujahideen in Bangladesh. Overall it is expected that the
threat posed by these groups would increase with return of youth who
have fought in Syria and Iraq. Therefore a multipronged strategy is
essential to target the Islamic State to avoid their spillover in
other countries, including India. The countries of the region,
including India, can thus learn some important lessons from the
evolving situation in Sri Lanka. </div>
<div><b>Emerging Lessons.</b>
The Islamic State may no longer hold territory physically in Syria Iraq
but its presence in cyberspace and its affiliates worldwide continue
to proliferate and grow. The Islamic State has managed to position
itself as an ideology rather than simply another terrorist group and
its presence in the region seems to be growing. In some countries like
Afghanistan and Philippines very openly and in others silently but
surely, as is evident from the Easter bombings. It is quite clear
that countries cannot adopt an ostrich like approach to the problem
of the Islamic State and pretend that it doesn’t exist, because they
don’t want it to exist. There is thus a need to address the problem
of Islamic State/ religious indoctrination head on, holistically and
jointly.The Islamic State and its affiliates is a transnational group
and events are proving that cross border assistance by the groups in
terms of training and resources were most likely provided. Indian
intelligence agencies deserve kudos for having provided timely and
specific intelligence.</div>
<br />
Thus it is a fact that such intelligence was available in India and
the ‘who’ and ‘why’ should be a point to be further investigated5.
Similarly other nations in the region need to coordinate with the
Lankan investigators to see if any tell tale evidence emerges
pointing towards their countries. In fact Islamic State has claimed
for the first time, that it has established a “province” in India,
called “Wilayah of Hind”6,, though on ground this is likely to be
just for propaganda value, but it may help them in attracting more
followers. This proclamation is also likely to see from now on, the
Islamic State trying to take credit and own the terrorists actions
happening in the Valley /country.</div>
<br />
<div>The lack of a credible intelligence sharing mechanism between the
countries of the region has clearly emerged as one of the strongest
lessons of the present tragedy. As per reports despite Indian
agencies giving specific inputs about the likely targets and
perpetrators the intelligence was not given due importance and
not disseminated at the right levels. This could be because it
lacked credibility and ignoring it was possible. All this may
have been avoided if there was an effective intelligence sharing
mechanism in place necessitating it to be dealt in an appropriate
manner and level. Is it time to have an organization in the region
looking primarily at security issues something like the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization? This is necessitated primarily due to
the ineffectiveness of the present groupings owing to the
Indo – Pak issues. Maybe a new securityinitiative can be
structured by India either keeping Pakistan out or
making sure that the rules ensure that the agenda cannot
be hijacked by it. </div>
<br />
<div>An operation of the magnitude and precision as that of the
Lanka bombings required careful planning, coordination,
training and most importantly constant indoctrination.
All this when translated into time meant that the
preparation for an operation of this type would have been carrying
on for months, if not over a year, and would definitely have thrown
up some indicators. It is a matter of intelligence failure that the
Sri Lankan agencies failed to home on to these indicators possibly
due to, not taking the menace of indoctrinated zealots seriously and
this is something which other countries of the region can ill
afford. If Sri Lankan investigations further substantiate the
Islamic State link to the National Thowheed Jamath and Jamathei
Millathu Ibraheem, two relatively unknown local groups, then the
Islamic State seems to be repeating a modus operandi it has used
earlier in other countries (The Holey Artisan Bakery incident of
2016 in Bangladesh though the Bangladesh Government claims
Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen had no links to the Islamic State.
</div>
<br />
The Sri Lankan Government’s
handling of the situation post the bombings, has been decisive and
proactive. While it was clear that dysfunctional political
relationship between the President and PM had exacerbated the
situation, declaration of emergency, banning of social media,
employing the Armed Forces to supplement the police force, getting
both the Christian and Muslim community leaders on the same page to
deal with the aftermath were all praiseworthy steps which seem to
have yielded results and stabilized the situation. In addition a new
counter terrorism legislation is being prepared to deal with the
facets of international terrorism. The Sri Lankan Prime Minister has
gone on record saying that, even though Sri Lankan authorities were
aware of Sri Lankan jihadists who had returned from Syria, the
country’s laws prevented action being taken. Such loopholes, if
existing in other nations, also need to be plugged.
<div><b>Conclusion.</b></div>
<div>Terrorism comes in many forms and is constantly evolving.
Terrorists misusing religion for indoctrination and achieving
their goals has been prevalent for decades if not centuries.
However with increase in connectivity due to Social Media
and its silent overarching reach, it is becoming more
and more difficult to detect the ongoing indoctrination
and even more difficult to stop it. Nations thus have
to empower their security agencies with laws, powers
and more importantly political support.
Today’s terrorists cannot be fought in
isolation since the web/ social media knows no
geographical boundaries. Thus it is very essential
to have a synergized and collaborative effort with the
other countries while dealing with the menace, especially in the
region. Maybe it is high time that the region bonds together,
atleast to fight the scourge of terrorism and establishes a vibrant
and effective multinational grouping in the region specifically
looking at security aspects.</div>
<br />
<br />
<div><b>References</b></div>
<br />
<div><a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/sri-lanka-attacks-death-toll-rises-to-257/articleshow/69141704.cms">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/sri-lanka-attacks-death-toll-rises-to-257/articleshow/69141704.cms</a>
<br />
<div>The Times of India World dated 02 May 2019 acessed on 05 May 2019.</div>
<pre><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48163237">
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48163237</a> Sri Lanka
attacks: Public urged to surrender swords and knives BBC News. 4.
<div>May19 acessed on 05 May 2019.3</div>
<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/27/sri-lanka-20-killed-as-police-raid-suspected-bomber-hideout">
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/27/sri-lanka-20-killed-as-police-raid-suspected-bomber-hideout</a>,
</pre>
<div>Sri Lanka bombings: at least 15 killed as police raid suspected
hideout,The Gaurdian 27 April 2019, accessed on 06 May 2019.4.</div>
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/09/world/asia/isis-philippines-jolo.html">
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/09/world/asia/isis-philippines-jolo.html</a>
“How ISIS Is Rising in the Philippines as It Dwindles in the Middle
East” The New York Times dt 09 March 201, accessed on 10 May 2019.</div>
<p align="justify"><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">5.
<a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/after-sri-lanka-blasts-nia-raids-3-places-in-kerala-in-connection-with-isis-module-case-1512181">
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/after-sri-lanka-blasts-nia-raids-3-places-in-kerala-in-connection-with-isis-module-case-1512181</a>,
28 April 2019 accessed on 10 May 2019.6.
<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/islamic-state-claims-province-in-india-for-first-time-after-clash-in-kashmir/article27102694.ece">
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/islamic-state-claims-province-in-india-for-first-time-after-clash-in-kashmir/article27102694.ece</a>,
</span></i></p><div><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Reuters accessed on 12 May 2019.</span></i></div><i><span style="font-family: Arial;">7.
<a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/24/asia-pacific/crime-legal-asia-pacific/eight-extremists-charged-2016-islamic-state-claimed-bangladesh-cafe-attack-left-22-dead/">
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/24/asia-pacific/crime-legal-asia-pacific/eight-extremists-charged-2016-islamic-state-claimed-bangladesh-cafe-attack-left-22-dead/</a>,
accessed on 10 May 2019.</span></i><p></p>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-67982087249968148122023-04-22T18:18:00.030+05:302023-04-26T22:05:10.866+05:30[ Networking observability in System's in 'Digital Textile Mills'. ]<div>
<b>I spent my professional life in various Textile Mills in India from 1957
till 2003 and retired as MD of a textile mill.</b></div>
<br />
<div><b>This blog of mine has; all my achievements and incidents of family
life and as a proud father, it gives me immense pleasures to record my son's
achievements in USA in his chosen professional path as'Fellow' at CISCO
where he invented many patents.</b></div>
<div><b>As'Chief Scientist' in CUMULUS Networks which was a Startup,
he thought and he planed his future as he saw his work at CUMULUS
had taken, <i>a place in Networking </i>and his decision to quit
CUMULUS was not accepted and his company a Startup "Stardust Enterprises"
got delayed a bit but is now in top gear.</b></div>
<br/>
<br />
<div><b>He has now CEO of his owncompany "Stardust Systems" a firm in
NETWORKING Management,SF, USA.</b></div>
<div><center><b>He is also author of 3 Books on Networking. </b></center></div>
<br/>
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<div><b>The Textile Industry of the world has made tremendous in
roads in processing of fiber to fashion wearable designer fabrics
to industry needs and technical textiles. The developed countries
are in need of all sorts of textiles for use in defense needs.
Complete processing from fibers to processing including packing
and other needs of consumers have led to technology and innovation
to complete automation in every textile mills.</b></div>
<br/>
<div><b>I am trying to find out how a textile industry of the future
will be and weather there will be "Networking Engineers" in these
Textile Mills.</b></div>
<br/>
<div><b><center>Once this Industry was called the "Mother of all Industry".
</center></b></div>
<br />
<center><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="492" data-original-width="70" height="40" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEn6wR2N9SOEMTgJEtS5Tc5Rk79bp6UfP062dFwUJP5duWG0gTtFpn2tPoTgfGXLUqliX9WB-ZHblXxrIZl-sYSaLulYLOdARLHVLUvX6yo0YrPzt_1X5VbFRFJNKLhFTW68WDvcbKDk96096FDooJgI934cJmnr6fGaV6Hbs3aCgrFogrtNEbMO-C/s200/purple-logo-2-2641600950.jpg" /></div>
</center>
<center><b>Picture of my son, Dinesh G Dutt, CEO, Stardust Systems. USA.</b></center>
<div><center><b>"SuzieQ"- Being one consulting wing of Stardust Systems, "Project". </b></center>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqRJZIFNhz3zhNDVpIuM2FdEHHdc3oWizH0Qh7IgCycwvWd6F_T5LpXBIAc4eANGKRXZ8OOwVERMoiN1FWr4mWZXcwRuX2K8LwIPTIIXpe8de1RIfvK8TzjZGjRcdcB0UzT7mMzR3JSuRrhRxpxTQikkWHODlzWj2AH-1YjvQnVHYXDsqtIY8QwpZi/s130/Dinesh%20Dutt.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqRJZIFNhz3zhNDVpIuM2FdEHHdc3oWizH0Qh7IgCycwvWd6F_T5LpXBIAc4eANGKRXZ8OOwVERMoiN1FWr4mWZXcwRuX2K8LwIPTIIXpe8de1RIfvK8TzjZGjRcdcB0UzT7mMzR3JSuRrhRxpxTQikkWHODlzWj2AH-1YjvQnVHYXDsqtIY8QwpZi/s200/Dinesh%20Dutt.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div>
<center><b style="color: #351c75;">What is SuzieQ</b></center>
<div>
<pre><b>SuzieQ</b>
<b>SuzieQ</b> is the first open source, multi-vendor network observability
platform application. It is both a framework and an application using that
framework, that is focused on improving your understanding of your network.
We define observability as the ability of a system to answer either trivial
or complex questions that you pose as you go about operating your network.
How easily you can answer your questions is a measure of how good the system's
observability is. A good observable system goes well beyond what is normally
considered monitoring and alerting. SuzieQ is primarily meant for use by
<b>network engineers and designers</b>.
<b>SuzieQ:</b>
Gathers data using an agentless model using either SSH or REST API as the
transport. We gather data from routers, bridges and Linux servers.
We support gathering data from Arista EOS, Cisco's IOS, IOS-XE, and IOS-
XR platforms, Cisco's NXOS, Cumulus Linux, Juniper's Junos(QFX, EX, MX
and SRX platforms and Evolved OS), Palo Alto's Panos (version 8.0 or higher)
and SoNIC devices, besides Linux servers.
Normalizes the data into a vendor-agnostic format.
Stores all data in files using the popular big data format, Parquet.
Exposes via a CLI, GUI, a REST API, or via Python the analysis of
the data gathered using easy, intuitive commands. The output
can be rendered in various formats from plain text to JSON,
CSV and Markdown.
With the applications that we build on top of the framework we want
to demonstrate a different and more systematic approach to thinking
about networks. We want to show how useful it is to think of your
network holistically.
You can join the conversation via slack. Send email to Dinesh with
the email address to send the Slack invitation to.
We're also looking for collaborators to help us make SuzieQ a
truly useful multi-vendor, open source platform for observing all
aspects of networking. Please read the collaboration document for
ideas on how you can help.
</pre>
</div>
<br />
<center>
<b>SuzieQ Architecture</b>
</center>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqF5LzoTkPuKSUZWkbvWhv3glDXUNLEXxvp_k5VDUFYnj1Dc3XsqsvEfA4NgK0WzWOrIY9fvTuhd99c2NCvRZibWkXrdfFDo6Cpuiwvtsq9VJj8KXaVrNC7Aevq1Gj-Foh_y_otXwej98XbCLvAQlO99bSVo_A2EYOmiXE8uN_R7b2nj6QLocEE2eh/s1536/Screen-Shot-2021-11-28-at-8.49.43-PM-1536x758.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqF5LzoTkPuKSUZWkbvWhv3glDXUNLEXxvp_k5VDUFYnj1Dc3XsqsvEfA4NgK0WzWOrIY9fvTuhd99c2NCvRZibWkXrdfFDo6Cpuiwvtsq9VJj8KXaVrNC7Aevq1Gj-Foh_y_otXwej98XbCLvAQlO99bSVo_A2EYOmiXE8uN_R7b2nj6QLocEE2eh/s320/Screen-Shot-2021-11-28-at-8.49.43-PM-1536x758.png" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div>Picture<b> - courtesy-<a href="https://www.stardustsystems.net/suzieq/">https://www.stardustsystems.net/suzieq/</a></b></div>
<br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRf9B5ZRBzaskdHVgeD1ecEgDnPi9NdapOnZIDmZOzKssIeaaDZrpiecuNJHLvVpb8gpuoVEtEF8yqvCIxsHJujzEJUnzUIGb0F9hTTKwslrrY1UM78P4F3FBULMdBHFsfl1T5oKGGEKZ5pOIjSAVg_vv_qOcPJRA1c1fyd_Izs0S_Bk-Azk2y6JZ8oQ/s1920/Smaller-new-star-pic-e1640819164747.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRf9B5ZRBzaskdHVgeD1ecEgDnPi9NdapOnZIDmZOzKssIeaaDZrpiecuNJHLvVpb8gpuoVEtEF8yqvCIxsHJujzEJUnzUIGb0F9hTTKwslrrY1UM78P4F3FBULMdBHFsfl1T5oKGGEKZ5pOIjSAVg_vv_qOcPJRA1c1fyd_Izs0S_Bk-Azk2y6JZ8oQ/s200/Smaller-new-star-pic-e1640819164747.jpg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<center><pre>Get SuzieQ Support
Enterprise Support
suzieq AT stardustsystems DOT net
Slack
Join the Suzieq Slack channel for community support etc.
Suzieq Documentation
Documentation for Suzieq Open Source Edition
</pre></center>
</div>
<br /></div>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-12807273153358316292023-04-17T18:40:00.006+05:302023-04-17T18:40:58.404+05:30[ The Phone numbers are not given in Invoice by Amazon.]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6RvZLoVyR6CBvrJhQLalUR0G4ByxYHYqGwSvmzaEY8_ql7k_-9i91oFrkcfXjcN-sH0PnQLkE2aUyluFFt5ElvvtVY5w3i06UqZEufvQRXP9SUsri9LPfPCs7aiAQOmE07_98d3gpufsaS0wIU9nxPj9jD5FN8_BIfvagNz84Dxt2Goz3b4RjL20jvA/s422/services-thumb.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6RvZLoVyR6CBvrJhQLalUR0G4ByxYHYqGwSvmzaEY8_ql7k_-9i91oFrkcfXjcN-sH0PnQLkE2aUyluFFt5ElvvtVY5w3i06UqZEufvQRXP9SUsri9LPfPCs7aiAQOmE07_98d3gpufsaS0wIU9nxPj9jD5FN8_BIfvagNz84Dxt2Goz3b4RjL20jvA/s200/services-thumb.jpg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<br/>
<div>
All air conditioning and refrigeration systems, like any
other machine, depreciate with time. And if not properly
maintained, they progressively lose efficiency, consume
more power, and drain your profits.</div>
<br/>
<div>Without regular maintenance an air conditioner loses
its original efficiency steadily every passing year.
It is common knowledge that these inefficiencies accelerate
in the absence of adequate monitoring and maintenance,
thereby causing a lot of inconvenience.
<br/>
<div>The good news however, is that you can recover most
of that lost efficiency through regular maintenance.
Studies show that with regular tune-ups a unit will maintain
up to 95% of its original efficiency. This means that the
cost of a periodic tune-up is recovered very quickly in
savings on your monthly power bill and reduced running
and repair costs.
<br/>
<div>
What they say is nice but they do not care how their
selling agents plan to get servicing done.
The phone numbers given in their (Blue Star) Website
does not even Ring.
<b>1800 209 1117 & 1860 266 6666 </b>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSL87uA3scbB3emRDvZpDTRjXuv-4ViLUnohsWz2zqLhIhZFj7qvHRylxoFNDYlpzi4baTdsaUtPD_AbD3mv_zO_qU7mQjRNlYoH4T0I8LhgR6uU65GIejSKvqJcJhV6yzgauBY5pnsj-iZlI8lw7_YFMl17kHdeAlc2zz1m6rWb5whhcWD4f43CvbA/s146/logo.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="30" data-original-width="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSL87uA3scbB3emRDvZpDTRjXuv-4ViLUnohsWz2zqLhIhZFj7qvHRylxoFNDYlpzi4baTdsaUtPD_AbD3mv_zO_qU7mQjRNlYoH4T0I8LhgR6uU65GIejSKvqJcJhV6yzgauBY5pnsj-iZlI8lw7_YFMl17kHdeAlc2zz1m6rWb5whhcWD4f43CvbA/s200/logo.png"/></a></div>
</div>
<br/>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-82841619076176064492023-04-06T22:37:00.001+05:302023-04-06T22:37:28.611+05:30[ Idli & Vada - South India's all day Food. ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvI9YknPJpfoBLKIb17udevPcAsKEjPR2XngNcWIWnEEpLnYw7B7SjQNgBBrXors3EfpPDvz-BOUzvrOZNy2NsWaO2ha2L0P8oxbIbx5KyJGJRO4MsWvMFCRCMN52OHatH91ZFi09wGTytPupza9XkoNy68D-la2jDwhKxEJCHyroYzqQtekUG5xquzA/s296/IDLI%20&%20SAMBAR.jpeg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="148" data-original-width="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvI9YknPJpfoBLKIb17udevPcAsKEjPR2XngNcWIWnEEpLnYw7B7SjQNgBBrXors3EfpPDvz-BOUzvrOZNy2NsWaO2ha2L0P8oxbIbx5KyJGJRO4MsWvMFCRCMN52OHatH91ZFi09wGTytPupza9XkoNy68D-la2jDwhKxEJCHyroYzqQtekUG5xquzA/s200/IDLI%20&%20SAMBAR.jpeg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<div>
<center><b>By Anita Rao Kashi</b></center>
<center><b>30th March 2023.</b></center>
</div>
<br/>
<div><pre>
<b>O</b>ne morning in early February, The New York Times' wildly
popular crossword puzzle had this clue: "Along with lentils,
one of the two main ingredients in idli". For Indians
and those familiar with Indian cuisine, it was a no-brainer.
The answer, of course, was "rice".
Idli, a palm-sized steamed rice cake with fermented urad dal
(de-husked split black lentil), is ubiquitous in India,
especially in the south. By itself, idli tastes bland,
but it can be paired with almost anything, from pickles
to relishes and even ketchup, though is usually accompanied
by coconut chutney and sambar (a spicy lentil and
vegetable gravy).
<b>[jump to recipe]</b>
It's one of the simplest and unfussiest Indian breakfasts
but can be eaten at any time of day or night. To see it
turn up as a crossword clue halfway across the world was
indeed acknowledgement of its pervasiveness.
Like many South Indians, nutritionist and wellness consultant
Sheela Krishnaswamy ate idli growing up and considers it to
be an easy, healthy meal. "It's a combination of rice and dal,
which not only gives energy but also provides good quality
protein," she said. "When accompanied by vegetable sambar
or green chutney, it can be a good meal, not just for
breakfast. It also makes for an easy packed lunch."
The dish is such a staple that in many South Indian
households there's always a container of idli batter
in the fridge that can be rustled up in a jiffy. Idli
is also readily available outside the home, hawked on
street corners, offered on quick service restaurant
menus and served at hotel breakfast buffets. Of late,
idli has even transcended borders – according to a 2019
Uber Eats survey, outside of India, London eats the most
idlis, followed by San Francisco. There's even a day
dedicated to it: 30 March,
which was designated World Idli Day in 2015.
Despite its ubiquity, the dish's origin is hazy.
The 920 CE Kannada text, Vaddaradhane, a book of 19
stories of local ascetics, mentions the word iddalige,
from which idli is believed to be derived. Similar dishes
are described in Lokapakara, a 1025 CE guide for
common people, and Manasollasa, a 1130 CE encyclopaedic
socio-cultural Sanskrit text. In A Historical Dictionary of
Indian Food, published in 1998, food historian and nutritionist
KT Acharya posits that an Indonesian fermented dish called
kedli could be the precursor to idli, having been brought
to India between the 8th and 12th Centuries by the cooks
of Hindu Indonesian kings who travelled back and forth
between the two countries in search of brides.
Vedant Pawar - is the chef of Banglore's newly
opened ADDA 1522 (Credit: ADDA)
Over the centuries, idli has evolved. There are versions
made with oats, ragi (finger millet), wheat, tapioca,
barley and other grains. There are idlis stuffed with
vegetables, greens and even spicy masalas and curries.
For meat-lovers, there are prawn, chicken and mutton options.
The newly opened ADDA 1522, a retro-themed pub in Banglore's
Halasuru neighbourhood, offers classic idli as well as a few
creative iterations. Chef Vedant Pawar grew up in Karwar
(a coastal Karnataka town on India's west coast) but rarely
ate idli as a child, though has come to appreciate it now.
"When I moved to Mumbai for college, I tasted idli with
tomato chutney made by a friend and I was hooked."
Pawar was so hooked that he wanted it on his menu.
"I like idli because of its versatility. Be it with a
simple podi (a condiment made with lentils and spices)
or with chicken curry, it tastes equally good," he said.
"Besides, it is packed with nutrients and can suffice as
a meal in itself… It is one of my go-to foods."
In addition to regular steamed idli, he also serves crispy,
fried triangle-shaped idli that are perfect as bar nibbles,
as well as idli stuffed with spicy minced meat.
Pawar's idli batter is a bit different than what most
home cooks would make, in that he ferments the lentil
paste and soaks the idli rava (coarse ground par boiled
rice) separately, rather than mixing the two and allowing
the whole batter to ferment.
Chef Vedant Pawar's idli at ADDA 1522 (Credit: ADDA)
<b>Idli recipe</b>
<b>By Vedant Pawar
</b>
<b>Makes 25</b>
For this recipe, you'll will need an idli steamer (a large,
lidded stainless-steel vessel with round depressions or moulds
into which the batter is poured) or a basic pressure cooker
without the pressure regulator inserted.
<b>Ingredients</b>
1 cup urad dal (dehusked, split black gram/lentils)
2 cups idlirava (coarse ground parboiled rice)
1 tsp salt
neutral oil (like vegetable oil) for greasing
<b>Method</b>
<b>Step 1</b>
Wash the urad dal thoroughly till the water runs clear.
Soak in 2 cups of water for 2-3 hours, until the
dal can easily be crushed between your thumb and finger.
<b>Step 2</b>
Drain the soaked dal, transfer to a blender or food
processor and grind with 2-3 tbsp of water to make
a smooth paste. If it sticks, add a little more water,
spoon by spoon. Transfer to a large bowl, cover, and
leave in a warm place to ferment for at least 8 hours
or overnight so that the paste doubles in volume.
<b>Step 3</b>
Wash the idli rava thoroughly until the water runs clear.
Soak it in 4 cups of water in a large bowl for at least
8 hours over overnight. In the morning (or after 8 hours),
drain the idli rava completely, making sure to squeeze out
as much water as possible. Add the drained idli rava to
the fermented dal paste. Add the salt and mix thoroughly
with a whisk to form a thick batter; ideally it should be
thicker than pancake batter.
<b>Step 4</b>
Fill the idli steamer with about 4cm (1 ½ inches) of water
and bring to a simmer. Grease the idli moulds, preferably
with a neutral oil. Stir the fermented batter briskly and ladle
it into the moulds till just below the brim. Repeat for each
idli steamer plate, then slide the plates onto the stand and
place the stand in the steamer. Close the lid and steam the
idli for 12-15 minutes, depending on size. The idlis are done
when a knife inserted into the centre comes out clean.
<b>Alternatively,</b> if you are using a pressure cooker,
fill the cooker
with 4-5 cm (2 in) of water. Grease thick,
heatproof cups (about
125ml or ½ cup), preferably with a neutral oil.
Stir the batter briskly and ladle into the cups about
¾ full. Place in the pressure cooker, close the lid
and steam 12-15 minutes, until a knife inserted in the
centre of an idli comes out clean.
<b>Step 5</b>
Remove the stand from the steamer (or remove the cups from the
pressure cooker) and wait for two minutes before scooping out
the idlis with an idli spoon or a flat spoon. Serve with coconut
chutney and sambar.
<b>Note:</b>
Idli rava is widely available in Indian/Asian stores.
Alternatively,
wash any short-grained rice and soak for 4 hours,
then drain and dry
completely. Coarse grind the dried rice to the
consistency of semolina before using.
BBC.com's World's Table "smashes the kitchen ceiling" by changing
the way the world thinks about food, through the past, present and
future.
Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us on
Facebook, or follow us on Twitter and Instagram.
If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com
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</pre></div>
<br/>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-60912214869516500822023-04-05T22:24:00.002+05:302023-04-05T22:25:45.774+05:30 [ How to forgive yourself.]<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibk-vsblB6-7FBCWx4kjnURcH6-FCwy8hdpN2C8NbrlszDuuSLtmKgUgAPHM44WBW9v9BnPb6xeZ4GQAiSjjPMSupNK4hci43q5ZPG65w4NPrML3BbEtL1FXJcKZ4Df38J8Tze-AQXq6xv4MHkvAbizpKy8w5iOy0nBNq7tUlM00nb68ld5e4UoFcp-g/s900/900x900.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibk-vsblB6-7FBCWx4kjnURcH6-FCwy8hdpN2C8NbrlszDuuSLtmKgUgAPHM44WBW9v9BnPb6xeZ4GQAiSjjPMSupNK4hci43q5ZPG65w4NPrML3BbEtL1FXJcKZ4Df38J8Tze-AQXq6xv4MHkvAbizpKy8w5iOy0nBNq7tUlM00nb68ld5e4UoFcp-g/s200/900x900.jpg"/></a></div>
</div>
<div>Finding it hard to move past a hurtful mistake? With these steps
toward repair and renewal, you can do and feel better.</div>
<br/>
<br/>
<center><b>By Nathaniel Wade & Marilyn Corni</b>s</center>
<div>
<b>Need to know</b>
<br/>
After several months of therapy, Joe shared that he carried a burden
he was hesitant to talk about. With some encouragement, he admitted
that he had been treating his four-year-old daughter terribly.
<br/>
He described how typical events such as trying to get his daughter
ready for daycare had triggered his anger, leading him to handle her
roughly – like grabbing her arm or yelling at her. Joe shared other
behaviours that he was ashamed of, such as losing his cool and just
walking away while she was crying in the bathtub. Although he was
often a supportive and loving father, Joe (whose name, along with
some other details, have been altered here for anonymity) knew that
these actions had hurt his daughter and his family. He wasn’t sure
if – or how – he could forgive himself.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
Most of us can look back on our experiences and recall, often with
great regret, times when we hurt others or did something that violated
our values. Many people find it hard to forgive themselves for one or
more of these instances, carrying around a considerable burden of guilt.
In our clinical work and research on self-forgiveness, we have spoken with
individuals who’ve struggled with a broad range of offences: marital
infidelity, patterns of angry outbursts, physically and verbally fighting
with teenage children, manipulating and stealing from others as a result
of drug and alcohol dependencies, abandoning family or friends when they
were in need, and more.
</div>
<br/>
<div>Grappling with what you’ve done wrong prior to forgiving yourself
can be a good thing – feelings of guilt can motivate you to make amends
and change any entrenched behaviours. However, sometimes self-forgiveness
seems painfully out of reach. If this is the case for you, you might be
having thoughts like ‘I don’t deserve to forgive myself,’ or ‘I deserve
to be punished.’ Or, you may find it hard to forgive yourself for other
reasons: because you just can’t gather the courage to face what you have
done, for example, or because you want to prove to the other person just
how sorry you are.
<div>
<br/>
<div>
Source:Click the link below to read more:
</div>
<a href="about:invalid#zSoyz"><a href="https://psyche.co/guides/how-to-forgive-yourself-and-move-past-a-
hurtful-mistake?utm_source=pocket-newtab-intl-en">https://psyche.co/guides/
how-to-forgive-yourself-and-move-past-a-hurtful-mistake?utm_source=pocket-
newtab-intl-en</a></a>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-65524120583743663732023-04-01T22:56:00.017+05:302023-04-07T11:32:56.993+05:30[ What's The Missing Block In Building Institutes Of Excellence? ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSCyqDdI4Y4Jwp9H0iLE4SQurt9i2f5j3pt9Qq0tJqOAwwLBN9bonozRx9LJVxtH2dyaz6D3-HMqpBPxTt0eTt-oHCm-tB1i3GRuXRsDbanM2Z7gJCW6Z2GBrF94cYANK2GyS574vr4DlqdMbsL16Is_FLNZn8Sqeund_rG0EZSLYssfz1vOU2eGcRgA/s800/My%20College..jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSCyqDdI4Y4Jwp9H0iLE4SQurt9i2f5j3pt9Qq0tJqOAwwLBN9bonozRx9LJVxtH2dyaz6D3-HMqpBPxTt0eTt-oHCm-tB1i3GRuXRsDbanM2Z7gJCW6Z2GBrF94cYANK2GyS574vr4DlqdMbsL16Is_FLNZn8Sqeund_rG0EZSLYssfz1vOU2eGcRgA/s320/My%20College..jpg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<div>
<center><b>A article in Times of India by Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar</b>.</center>
</div>
There are all kinds of regulators,from banking to
energy to telecommunications.Education is no oddity.
In India,there are numerous higher education
regulators.University Grants Commission (UGC) is the
largest regulator whose policies impact a significant
share of the higher education student population.
<br/>
<div>There are enormous societal expectations from the education
regulators in India due to the scale and complexity of
challenges that need to be addressed in higher aducation.
These include providing learning outcomes-based education
and individualsed learning on a mass scale. With the
national education policy 2020 being executed nationwide,
the need to achive regulatory excellence has become even
more important to achive the above objectives.</div>
<br/>
<div>
Every country wants to build higher education institutes of
excellence by investing in academic and research excellence.
The logic is straightforword. If a country aims at becomeing
self-reliant,it needs a knowledgeable and skilled workforce,
which only institution's of excellence can prepare.Such
institutions should focus on delivering affordable quality
education relevent and national needs.They also must have
governance structures that stimulate research excellence,the
freedom to purse different disciplines, encouaragement question
the status quo, an ecosystem that nurtures diversity.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
Unfortunately,multiple agency's seek to regulate institutes of
higher education in India.However,building institutes of excelence
is impossible if numerous regulators work at cross purposes,in
silos with no consultative mechanisma but overlaping functions.
This operational disconnectamoung different regulators is a
<b>major challenge</b>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
Due to the absence of consultation and coordination amoung various
regulators,education cannot promote holistic and multi-disciplinary
educatin to realise better learning outcomes and research output,a
requirement for preparing well-rounded learners with 21st century
skills and diverse experiences their employability.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
All degree awarding institutions are expected to be guided by HECI
by holistically hormonizing multiple higher education disciplines,
For example,the recent unveling of a national credit framework is
a major intiative in hormonizing school education,higher education
and skill or vocational education,and skill education. The use of
Academic Bank of credits by all educational institutions will
provide increased mobility for students to move from one institutions
to another or migrate from one discipline to another.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<b>Given the rapid changes India's higher education will undergo,HECI,
which will be setablished through an act of parliament,must set it's
priorities right and bring out regulations based on evidence based
inputs,HECI, should refrain from bringing out regulations in areas
requiring no regulations.As a regulator,it should asses how the
regulations will impact the functioning of higher education institutes
and wherther the change aim to obtain is optimal.</b>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<b>Input from the stake holders (students,faculty members,non-teaching
staff, institutional heads,industry and general public) can be benificial
when formulating the regulations. A regulator should therefore have an
open mind to suggestions and feed back and formulate the regulations
transperently participatory procedures.</b>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
While regulations of higher education is vital and is for the public good,
regulator should practice regulatory self restrient and intervene only when
there is evidence for intervention. It should not succumb to the temtation
of micro managing the affars of higher education institutes just because the
the law gives the authority.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
This means that the regulator should foresee the expected role a
regulation will play in improving the quality of education and the
constrains it could bring. Therefore the regulatory authority in
the juridiction should give due consideration to other regulations
broughtby another regulatory authoritywhile preparing its regulations.
<b>We need to create an interconnected web.</b>
</div>
<br/>
<div><b>Interactions between players in the wider net work,sharing of
regulations and their impact,and more importantly,working together to
co-create regulations will go a long way in making the functioning of
educational institutions more oiled. There is much to learn from each
others regulatory experiences,for instance how regulatory complience
can be made more uncomplicated using dugital technology during cricis
such as the covid pandemic.These key aspects are critical.These key
aspects are critical for advancing of the need for HECL.</b>
</div>
<div>
By harnessing the potential of collaborative efforts, HECL can usher in
a contemporory streamlined regulatory approch involving all revlevent
regulatory bodies and stake holders.As a unified and hormonized regulator,
HECL can play a transformative role in making India's initiative to build
institutes of excellence.</div>
<br/>
S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-81586454083432220702023-03-30T18:01:00.002+05:302023-03-30T18:01:15.691+05:30[ More of 'Hay Wain'.]<p></p><br/>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-41019067288950649062023-03-30T17:33:00.007+05:302023-03-30T17:59:24.446+05:30[ Hay-Wain.]<p></p><p><a href="https://img.theculturetrip.com/1440x807/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Hay-Wain.jpg">https://img.theculturetrip.com/1440x807/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Hay-Wain.jpg</a></p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0TvGfNxy6jWO502XqlX1LY_OMcLeJ0NgW6flfKZmPIZkViyrFyXxIt7rgjycOy8l6_r1bwITzPdOBuk602JGGdxHJrMukipSRRZ-epDKljNNSdNhoGY2OA_zkpFKAlef4Z5Q3nhOQZC5P2oKPbOchB0jZmp1w_4PN39N4JreMIJ75k6Maotz9GYZ3A/s1440/Hay-Wain.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="807" data-original-width="1440" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0TvGfNxy6jWO502XqlX1LY_OMcLeJ0NgW6flfKZmPIZkViyrFyXxIt7rgjycOy8l6_r1bwITzPdOBuk602JGGdxHJrMukipSRRZ-epDKljNNSdNhoGY2OA_zkpFKAlef4Z5Q3nhOQZC5P2oKPbOchB0jZmp1w_4PN39N4JreMIJ75k6Maotz9GYZ3A/s320/Hay-Wain.webp" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p><br /> </p><p></p><p> </p><p> <br /></p><p> <br /></p>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-9149732968062799272023-03-05T11:43:00.026+05:302023-03-05T18:17:58.501+05:30[ Steve Jobs Said Your Overall Happiness in Life Really Comes Down to Asking 4 Simple Questions: ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2dv_KSLra4w5aqTrEZB68ULqBa6_wLT6962KNNSzkR13GibmKBJa9uI3Vhk4UtbqArRtWek_PM5SDjWPFy79wLIG-S5HdhAL3aGwZt8g39r11EEaHAbHesi5etOzSExxO8WCfp9RVxCPGaCyBz5rLszA877vyOpFtoCk2fMx_ZJLtQIfEAPwggYqDlA/s400/Steve-Jobs-iPhone-2010.webp" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="200" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2dv_KSLra4w5aqTrEZB68ULqBa6_wLT6962KNNSzkR13GibmKBJa9uI3Vhk4UtbqArRtWek_PM5SDjWPFy79wLIG-S5HdhAL3aGwZt8g39r11EEaHAbHesi5etOzSExxO8WCfp9RVxCPGaCyBz5rLszA877vyOpFtoCk2fMx_ZJLtQIfEAPwggYqDlA/s200/Steve-Jobs-iPhone-2010.webp"/></a></div>
<br/>
<div>The co-founder of Apple delivered these words to a newly
minted class of Stanford University graduates in 2005. Not long
before the commencement, Jobs had been diagnosed with pancreatic
cancer and was given between three and six months to live.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<b>Facing his own mortality had impressed upon him the importance of
living the best possible life, and it was a message he passed on to
the new graduates, and to the rest of the world watching.</b>
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<div><b>3 questions you should be asking</b></div>
Jobs's message gave us plenty of things to chew on about what truly
matters in our own lives. And to this day, whenever I watch that
commencement speech, it forces me to look in the mirror and ask
myself some really powerful, Jobs-inspired questions that, I hope,
you will ask yourself.
</div>
<div>
In the face of his looming death, something powerful shifted inside Jobs.
He began to live each day as if it was his last--because it may have been.
Thinking about the limited amount of time you and I have left on this
earth isn't meant to be a downer. On the contrary, it empowers us to use
that precious time in the most meaningful way possible.
</div>
<div>
Jobs called facing his death "the most important tool I've ever
encountered to help me make the big choices in life." Almost everything,
he said -- our fears, failures, and our pride -- "fall away in the face
of death, leaving only what is truly important."
</div>
<div>
<pre> 2. "If today were the last day of my life,
would I want to do what I am about to do today?"
This is a question that Jobs said he asked himself
every day -- while literally standing in front of his
mirror -- after being diagnosed with his terminal illness.
Jobs said, "Whenever the answer has been no for too many
days in a row, I know I need to change something." If I asked
myself that same question every day during this stage of my life
and career, the answer would be a resounding "yes!" I say this
because I'm doing what I have passionately been called to do and
I'm living out my purpose.
I urge you to do the same. Be willing to confront yourself and
ask this same question when you start your day. Pay attention to
what's coming up for you as you check in with your feelings.
If you're being true to yourself, it can be frightening to admit
you're not living the life you want, but it's the only way to pivot
toward the pursuit of something new--something that may be your true calling.
3. Am I doing what I love?
As Jobs explains, living someone else's life is wasting your own.
Instead, he urges you to find the role you were meant to fill.
You've got to find what you love. ... Your work is going to fill a
large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is
to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great
work is to love what you do.
Doing what we love gives us purpose, which fuels our drive to get up
in the morning and, in the words of Warren Buffett, "tap dance to work."
Research published in Harvard Business Review concluded that to be
fully engaged and happy, people need to feel as if their work matters
and that their contributions help to achieve something important.
</pre>
<div><pre><b>When people find purpose in their work, and they love
what they do, it will not only improve that person's happiness,
it will boost their productivity. To end on a hopeful note,
if you don't know what it is you love to do, then.</b></pre>
<b>I urge your first step to be finding out what it
is you should be doing. Don't just take my word for it;
it's what Steve Jobs would want you to do as well</b>
</div>
<b>Source:</b><br/>
<a href="https://www.inc.com/">https://www.inc.com/</a>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-47247604870903076212023-02-23T18:39:00.006+05:302023-02-23T19:01:35.159+05:30[Turning food and plastic waste into valuable nanomaterials for energy applications ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3tY62DqD498gQMgAcomEsNFO3fB_pgnq-Yl8UaJqdN_uG6kFwwc_GduLy0hK2gHpJfHh5W3vNOGLovoOVT0sbHNDPQWX_JU2ZrCnBZXct0YUcfAyDHjzOjzEXf08dKPkY10NLOb5zsiasHEODeFQbYL6wZwcinhdM6_2l789ivJNce4ctPLiVnPFKOQ/s2605/id62411_1.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="2605" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3tY62DqD498gQMgAcomEsNFO3fB_pgnq-Yl8UaJqdN_uG6kFwwc_GduLy0hK2gHpJfHh5W3vNOGLovoOVT0sbHNDPQWX_JU2ZrCnBZXct0YUcfAyDHjzOjzEXf08dKPkY10NLOb5zsiasHEODeFQbYL6wZwcinhdM6_2l789ivJNce4ctPLiVnPFKOQ/s320/id62411_1.jpg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<div>
Schematic illustration of the formation of 2D Mo2C layers from the
recycling of coconut husk (CH) fruit waste. Stage 1: synthesis of
carbonaceous materials derived from CH, denoted as CCH. Stage II:
synthesis of 2D Mo2CCH layer by carbonization of CCH with Mo
</div>
<br/>
<div>
<pre>(Nanowerk Spotlight) Our society generates staggering amounts
of waste in all areas of economic activities. Foremost among them,
apart from energy waste, are the food and plastic sectors.
Data gathered by the FAO (pdf), the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, estimates that around 931 million tonnes of
food waste was generated in 2019, 61% of which came from households,
26% from food service and 13% from retail. This suggests that 17% of
total global food production may be wasted. More than half of that is
made up of fruit waste.
According to a 2022 report by the World Economic Forum, the world
produces about 400 million tons of plastic waste each year, but
only 9% of that plastic is being recycled; 12% is incinerated
and a whopping 79% is dumped in landfills or the environment.
However, both food and plastic wastes are potentially valuable
sources of carbon. In previous reporting we have covered
various approaches by research teams around the world to
turn food and plastic waste into feedstock for making
nanomaterials or even make nanomaterials like graphene
directly via flash synthesis.
Edison H. Ang, an Assistant Professor at Nanyang
Technological University Singapore, and his group are
working on upcycling of waste materials to high-value
carbon by combining materials science and nanotechnology
approaches to develop functional nanostructures for
advanced energy storage, catalysis, water purification,
and biosensor applications.
The group recently published two papers where they
describe routes for the sustainable production of MXene
from fruit waste (Chemistry - A European Journal,
"Sustainable Production of Molybdenum Carbide (MXene)
from Fruit Wastes for Improved Solar Evaporation") and
the sustainable development of graphitic carbon
nanosheets from plastic wastes (Journal of Materials
Chemistry A, "Sustainable development of graphitic
carbon nanosheets from plastic wastes with efficient
photothermal energy conversion for enhanced solar
evaporation").
"Both MXene and graphite are conductive in nature and
their 2D structure makes them attractive to be used in
energy storage applications," Ang tells Nanowerk.
"Our primary goal with this research has been to
create innovative and sustainable materials for
constructing solar evaporators. Our aim here has
been to use environmentally friendly methods to
produce freshwater using solar energy. However,
the challenge lies in identifying suitable renewable
aterials for this purpose. Hence, our focus has
shifted to waste materials that can undergo
carbonization and upcycling to create solar
evaporators that are both environmentally
friendly and more efficient."
In their report in Chemistry - A European
Journal, the team presents a straightforward,
two-stage calcination process that enables the creation
of two-dimensional (2D) layered molybdenum carbide (Mo2C)
materials using fruit waste as the carbon source.
The chosen fruit waste materials for this study were
coconut husk, orange peel, and banana peel. These were
selected because a significant proportion of the fruit
(50-65% of the total mass) is inedible and is typically
discarded as waste.Schematic illustration of the formation
of MXene layers from the recycling of coconut husk waste
Schematic illustration of the formation of 2D Mo2C layers
from the recycling of coconut husk (CH) fruit waste.
Stage 1: synthesis of carbonaceous materials derived from CH,
denoted as CCH. Stage II: synthesis of 2D Mo2CCH layer by
carbonization of CCH with Mo precursor. A common setup of
Mo2CCH solar evaporator consists of three components,
including the simulated seawater, the thermal insulator
(i.e., polystyrene foam) along with the photothermal layer
comprises of the 2D Mo2CCH layer deposited on the air-laid
paper. (Reprinted with permission from Wiley-VCH GmbH)
According to the researchers' preliminary findings, different
types of fruit wastes have different water evaporation rates
and photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) in solar water
evaporators. The photothermal layer made from coconut husk
has the highest PTCE of 94% and the highest evaporation
rate of 1.52 kg m-2h-1 under one sun illumination
(i.e., the amount of solar radiation that reaches the
Earth's surface under normal conditions when the
sun is directly overhead).
"The large specific surface area of 555.1 m2g-1 and
wide solar absorption band ranging between 300 to 1600
nm results in enhanced PTCE, while the better wetting
ability and presence of a broad group micro- and
mesopores enable rapid water transportation," Ang
explains the results. "When compared to prior published
data, this is the first time that such enhanced PTCE
and evaporation rates are attained."
In their report in Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
the team demonstrates a simple two-step method
involving acid treatment and carbonization to
synthesize ultrathin (with a thickness of less
than 1 nm) honeycomb-structured 2D graphitic carbon nanosheets
(g-CNS) from plastic waste such as
plastic bags and bottles.
Schematic illustration of the formation of 2D
graphitic carbon nanosheets from upcycling of
plastic bag waste
(a) Schematic illustration of the formation of
2D graphitic carbon nanosheets (g-CNS) from
upcycling of plastic bag (PB) waste. Stage I:
growth of sulfonated carbon black derived from
plastic bag (s-CBPB). Stage II: formation of
2D g-CNSPB by carbonization of s-CBPB.
(b) The schematic shows a typical setup of a
solar evaporator and the unique features of
the 2D g-CNSPB consisting of: (1) simulated
seawater, (2) a thermal insulator (i.e., polystyrene,
PS foam), and (3) a photothermal layer made up of
2D g-CNS on an air-laid paper support. (Reprinted
with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry)
"We believe this is the first time these graphitic
2D CNS were fabricated from plastic waste," says Ang.
"The unique graphitic-like and 2D structures do not
appear in previously reported carbonaceous materials
originated from plastic waste. Because of the merits
of the graphitic-like characteristics and the 2D
interlayer channel architecture this can improve the
light-to-heat conversion as well as the water transport
for solar evaporation, respectively."
In the next stage of their investigations, the team will
work on extending the MXenes and graphite nanosheets
recycled from organic wastes to other possible
applications such as electrode materials for energy
storage devices.
"The challenges we face in extending this work to
energy storage applications is to remove the impurities
in the fruit and plastic waste since they may affect
the performance of battery electrodes," Ang concludes.
"We therefore need to develop methods to purify the
feedstock materials in order to produce high-quality
MXenes and graphite suitable for energy applications."
By Michael Berger – Michael is author of three books
by the Royal Society of Chemistry:
Nano-Society: Pushing the Boundaries of Technology,
Nanotechnology: The Future is Tiny, and
Nanoengineering: The Skills and Tools Making Technology Invisible
Copyright © Nanowerk</pre>
</div>
<br/>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-27057468863134225092023-02-18T16:36:00.021+05:302023-02-22T22:47:58.518+05:30[ My first Job as 'Spinning Supervisor.]<div><h2>
</h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><h2><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVrgAjKfpHsTlt6ZpBkACNyoPa8ctLOo80KJseVFLdZnkyQ0oaGoEdHsij5XdErAb_AD1vPpyGUqboSiZZxHFdKU6u3grldOr4b5ALW--xjzuQlD35WXwKzsZeWFPqIqF9lO5Fa1qWCgiw5yKz5nq94jc1GeN0Fu6AhxQPJREmLwS9N5TNFFcBdNYDyw/s321/MILLS%20IN%20INDIA.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVrgAjKfpHsTlt6ZpBkACNyoPa8ctLOo80KJseVFLdZnkyQ0oaGoEdHsij5XdErAb_AD1vPpyGUqboSiZZxHFdKU6u3grldOr4b5ALW--xjzuQlD35WXwKzsZeWFPqIqF9lO5Fa1qWCgiw5yKz5nq94jc1GeN0Fu6AhxQPJREmLwS9N5TNFFcBdNYDyw/s400/MILLS%20IN%20INDIA.png" width="400" /></a></h2></div><h2>
</h2></div>
<h2><br /></h2>
<div><h2>
<pre><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> State Non SSI Mills SSI SSI Total.
1 Tamil Nadu --- 868 976 1844
2 Maharastra --- 125 17 143
3 Haryana --- 66 72 138
4 Andhra Pradesh-108 20 128
5 Punjab ------- 79 30 109
6 Utar Pradesh-- 53 42 95
7 Gujarat ----- 37 22 59
8 Rajastan ----- 47 8 55
9 Karnataka ---- 47 6 53
10 MP -------- 42 8 50
11 Kerala ----- 30 5 35
12 WB ------- 21 0 21
13 HP --------18 2 20
14 Orisa ----- 16 1 17
15 Others ------ 39 10 49
TOTALLY ----------------------------------- 2816 Textile Mills </span></span></pre><pre><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">working in 1941
</span></span></pre>
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></b>
<div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Textile Industry during this period was the Mother of all Industry during this period.
It was also as some people called it as Sun 'Raise Industry'.
The government at that period did nothing to help the Industry and good mills that
managed the mills kept going good. Good Mills that managed badly went BAD.
Some mills who were good had to close due to bad management.
Closed mills had closed the doors but employee's were on Footpath. lp;
A labour leader of Bombay at this period closed all Mills including mills that were
working and it spread to other states. The other states where few mills which
were somehow managing also shut their Gates.
</span></span><br />
</b><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Lacs of unemployed workers of hundreds of big,medium and small mills found
no alternate jobs except to join construction workers which provided daily
wages with food in same areas.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Many were on protest in urban areas and were creating law and order
problems by creating different types of protests and it was a mess every
town and city,Local govt's went found no solutions and it was now going all
the different states and now it was a national issue.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
I had completed 4 years in Coimbatore reputed mills 'Kothari Textiles'at
Singanalore and had good experience in spinning and requirements of weaving
for yarn quality of 67/33 % warp yarn being produced for the first time in
South Indian textile Mills.Experts from UK had come to guide me in processing
the fiber and had gone to Bombay (now Mumbai) to get advise from the
Spinning Superintendent Mr.H.P.Wadia of Century Mills as to how to process
cotton to produce high Twistd Voile Yarn.
<br />
</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Things changed my mill was not making any profit in weaving and month
after month loss was unacceptable and our No.2 Mills was making good profit
and their yarn was sold at the highest price.
Our Mill yarn was good only as weft yarn and I could not make Hosiery Yarn
for making Hosiery fabrics. I went and saw the Knitting Mills few times
but the problem was not cotton processing it was cotton and American Combers
that was creating all the defects in our yarn.
I told the problem to Spinning Master who was also Asst Manager of the Mills
and was a classmate of Mill Manager.He was helpless, I know.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Sudenly one day I saw No.2 Mill Manager in our Spinning Department taking a good look
at each Ring Spinning Machines. I kept quite but took all the care to keep the
machines clean by engaging few extra workers and making your breakages less
by coing little cousrser but it was no good. Suddenly Mill No.2 started coming
few more days and it stopped.<br/>
<pre>
<b>TABLES TURN,I AM IN A MESS.</b>
</pre>
<pre>
1) Our Mill Manager was transfered as General Manager
to HO at Madras (now Channai)
2) Our Mill Asst Manager was transfered as Manager
of No.2 Mills at Tudiyalur,Coinmatore.
3) No.2 Mill Manager was posted at my mill as Manager,
he along with him brought to my Mill his No2 Mills his
Asst Manager as his Asst Manager cum Spinning Master.
to my misfortune he was my New Asst Manager, and he
came and sat in the office of my mill Asst Manager cum
Spinning Master.
The New Manager and New Asst Manager did not do any changes
I continewed my work and my new Asst Manager was good to me.
He did instruct me some things not technical but in process and
there was no change in working.
</pre>
<pre>I went to my God Father who was visiting my Mills he was a
Manager of a branch of Chemicals used in Sizing in my mills.
I told him everything that he knew.
I told him I want a Job immediatly as I cannot work in a mill
where new people were my superiors.
HE TOLD ME TO WAIT FOR SOMETIME.
I was doing my Job as usual. (undesignated Spinning Master),
My junior at No2 Mills was promoted as Spinning Master so my
promotion was not considered by the New Manager nor
he talked to me about this proposal to bring in his man
in No2 Mills.
I went and met God Father and told him I want to get out of
the mill and he must try for me a Spinning Masters Job.
He said wait few more days. I know that he will place me
in some mills and went on with my work.
He got me a Job as 'SPINNING SUPERINTENDENT' and their, salary
was a real dream.
My Life as Supervisor to incharge of 30,000 spindle mill ended in Coimbatore City.
</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<b><br />
S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-84481514388122941712023-02-13T22:20:00.018+05:302023-02-18T15:32:36.795+05:30[Mysore Mills, Bangalore also as, Maharaja Mills. ]<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhro_JKNWmwogotwVOZFIamKvPW1Vf3I4VrtyM8uRncKkwKev2w65toG8T5eRuSM_FEgV7EWihzXZYZg-lO4nN6XZtDm4G-mr-hJ33YSamNXXPIpsVNojufNYTulbZANAAM3KNpFtQ-BlgTYffbsVTa7TVIGouoErEDOkVNFDsl0X3K5_Aokj--Kq7EA/s1023/Mysore%20Mills.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="1023" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhro_JKNWmwogotwVOZFIamKvPW1Vf3I4VrtyM8uRncKkwKev2w65toG8T5eRuSM_FEgV7EWihzXZYZg-lO4nN6XZtDm4G-mr-hJ33YSamNXXPIpsVNojufNYTulbZANAAM3KNpFtQ-BlgTYffbsVTa7TVIGouoErEDOkVNFDsl0X3K5_Aokj--Kq7EA/s400/Mysore%20Mills.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
145, persons were staff at the time the picture was taken employed with Technical officers and
Administrative staff besides also professional staff of people from HO mills of Bombay.
My father standing in 4th row No.6 from -> Right side.S.Krishna Rao.who was not a
qualified textile man but could tell all details of all machies so he was Mr.Mavin Kurve's
pet Asst.GM was Mr.Nilekini father of Asdhar Card's fame Mr.Nandan Nilekini now CEO of
Infosis,Bangalore.</div>
<br />
<div>Textile machines attracted me but it was difficult to get job.My mother wanted me to
be a engineer. It was hard to get in to engineering colleges,there was only civil,mechanical
and electrical courses at that time in 1950's.To get in to take any cousre except Civil
Engineering was only to thouse who had 50% of their marks in PCM subjects
(Physics,Chemistry and Maths). I had only 49% so my mother knew I would not get a seat.
She asked her cousin what is my future when one evening when she took me to her cousins house.
He said his future is if, he goes people will go behind him, he will spent lot of money but
I cannot say from where he gets. Let him take TEXTILE ENGINEERIG.
</div>
<br />
<div>
Having seen my future my mother told me to join diploma in Engineering in Mech or
Elect Engineering. Here also I was told that my percentage of Marks was not as
per requirement and only in the
Sri Krishna Rajendra Technological Institute, they gave me a seat as my father
was also a Textile Technician.
</div>
<br/>
<div>
The Boys of SKSJTI looked more dignified and dressed better than the boys of the next
Institute and I was happy to have joined this textile institute only for
textile technology.
</div>
<pre>There was syllabus in our course for electrical and machanical as well as
Business Management and for practicals we were going to Govt Eng College opposite
to our Institute.All the teaching staff were Professors.I so much enjoyed in
the course that I was a 1st Rank student and elligable forpayment for fee
for the next year.
Even almost all students wewre surprised of my getting freeship for one year.
My parents were also happy and my mother gave me extra pocket money.
Three years at the SKSJTInstitute and sixmonths at a Hands on Experience in a
ReputedTextile mills was needed to get my graduation certificate. Student who
gets the MaximumMarks would get local Binny Mills and the 2nd student would
get at Madurai Millsas GOVENAMENT of INDIA scalorship of Rs.100/-,under the
scheme of MINISTRY of Science & RESEARCH programme.
I did not get to the top slot as I scored ONE mark less than the guy who got to
the top.
I was selected for my mandatory training at the Madura Mills and my mother
was heppy she gave Rs.300/- I took no time to inform my senier class mate
that I will be coming and the were happy to give a slot a Bed in the house.
rented by them at Rs.30/-per month.Close to the Mills.
I joined the mills. We were 5 trainees from our institutes and there were 8
trainees recruted by the mills who were BSc graduates to be trained for any
vacancies that would come up for supervisors post in their group of 18 mills
spread all over Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
I had good training in this mills as a Japanese Dr.T.Hanada was engaged to
train of all the trainees in Maintenace,Process contral and Quality control
by Dr.T.Hanada who also trained us in Statistical Quality Control and all
other technique's by Statitical Data.
It was for just 6 months only and I was transfered to the Mills sister group
at Coimbatore. Dr.T.Hanada of Japan was on contract with the mills as
Textiles Consultent and had suggested my name for Industrial Engineering
training in Textiles Mills and I had to work under Mr.G.Govindarajan a expertrt
in 'Industrial Engineering' who was doing a survey of the group 2 mills at
Coimbatore.
My service to textile Industry started as "Supervisor" of this Mills in the
year 1959. I has to work in 3 shifts and in 2nd Shift from 3:00PM I was in
charge but the administration and Head of the Dep'ts left at 5:PM. I was the
man in charge of the whole Mills.
The very firstday of my 2nd shift I started going around the mills and found
there were no lights inside and ouside the workers 'Toilets' which I mentioned
in the "log book'. I did not know who were all seeing this book. The 'Mill
Manager'saw it and told the engineer to fix the lights.I was not knowing
there were many lights burning but it was switched on by the shift electrician
and lights were on few workers came to me fron near the toilet and told me
that I had done a good 'Job".
Continewed --- Next Post My Job as a Supervisor, in 'Spinning Department'S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-22502964594898924642023-02-04T22:11:00.032+05:302023-02-06T12:00:26.604+05:30[ Tarot Mythology: The Surprising Origins of the World’s Most Misunderstood Cards.]<div>
A closer look at these miniature masterpieces reveals that the power of these
cards isn’t endowed from some mystical source—it comes from the ability of their
small, static images to illuminate our most complex dilemmas and desires.
</div>
<br />
<div>
<center>Collectors Weekly | Hunter Oatman-Stanford </center>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>Read when you’ve got time to spare.</b>
</div>
<br />
<div>
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</div>
The Empress. The Hanged Man. The Chariot. Judgment. <div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">With their centuries-old iconography blending a mix of ancient </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">symbols, religious allegories,</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">and historic events, tarot cards can seem purposefully opaque. To outsiders </div></div><div><pre>and skeptics, occult practices like card reading have little relevance in
our modern world. But a closer look at these miniature masterpieces reveals
that the power of these cards isn’t endowed from some mystical source—it comes
from the ability of their small, static images to illuminate our most
complex dilemmas and desires.
“There’s a lot of friction between tarot historians and card readers about
the origins and purpose of tarot cards.”
Contrary to what the uninitiated might think, the meaning of divination
cards changes over time, shaped by each era’s culture and the needs of
individual users. This is partly why these decks can be so puzzling to
outsiders, as most of them reference allegories or events familiar to
people many centuries ago. Caitlín Matthews, who teaches courses on
cartomancy, or divination with cards, says that before the 18th century,
the imagery on these cards was accessible to a much broader population.
But in contrast to these historic decks, Matthews finds most modern decks
harder to engage with.
“You either have these very shallow ones or these rampantly esoteric ones
with so many signs and symbols on them you can barely make them out,” says
Matthews. “I bought my first tarot pack, which was the Tarot de Marseille
published by Grimaud in 1969, and I recently came right around back to it
after not using it for a while.” Presumably originating in the 17th century,
the Tarot de Marseille is one of the most common types of tarot deck ever
produced. Marseille decks were generally printed with woodblocks and later
colored by hand using basic stencils.
</pre>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpuYj7Lt9a2hgPNZkzb5ipbSY8Wu7U4MALA4Gk-QTAr-Ret09pCOoaEIKkJf31WHFIzZ0I6-gpsFnx1ToFycsu9gMbQnouDYaOy9g4xx6DIHUM23na-GsGHIy_CGEV6EXSFNAFl1Ub-NikyiMecq2QqrUkFJyhRZOcm-EIu8dk7H_A_0G6tX9iBgaQQw/s1517/directSKG%202.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="959" data-original-width="1517" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpuYj7Lt9a2hgPNZkzb5ipbSY8Wu7U4MALA4Gk-QTAr-Ret09pCOoaEIKkJf31WHFIzZ0I6-gpsFnx1ToFycsu9gMbQnouDYaOy9g4xx6DIHUM23na-GsGHIy_CGEV6EXSFNAFl1Ub-NikyiMecq2QqrUkFJyhRZOcm-EIu8dk7H_A_0G6tX9iBgaQQw/s320/directSKG%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<i>Top: A selection of trump cards (top row) and pip cards (bottom row)
from the first edition of the Rider-Waite deck, circa 1909. Via the
World of Playing Cards. Above: Cards from a Tarot dezMarseille
deck made by François Gassmann, circa 1870. Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</i>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<pre>However, using cards for playful divination probably goes back
even further, to the 14th century, likely originating with Mamluk game
cards brought to Western Europe from Turkey. By the 1500s, the Italian
aristocracy was enjoying a game known as “tarocchi appropriati,”
in which players were dealt random cards and used thematic associations
with these cards to write poetic verses about one another—somewhat like
the popular childhood game “MASH.” These predictive cards were referred
to as “sortes,” meaning destinies or lots.
Even the earliest known tarot decks weren’t designed with mysticism in mind;
they were actually meant for playing a game similar to modern-day bridge.
Wealthy families in Italy commissioned expensive, artist-made decks known
as “carte da trionfi” or “cards of triumph.” These cards were marked with
suits of cups, swords, coins, and polo sticks (eventually changed to staves
or wands), and courts consisting of a king and two male underlings. Tarot cards
later incorporated queens, trumps (the wild cards unique to tarot), and the
Fool to this system, for a complete deck that usually totaled 78 cards.
Today, the suit cards are commonly called the Minor Arcana, while trump
cards are known as the Major Arcana.
<div>
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</div>Two hand-painted Mamluk cards from Turkey (left) and two cards from the
Visconti family deck (right), both circa 15th century.
Graphic designer and artist Bill Wolf, whose interest in tarot illustration
dates to his art-school days at Cooper Union in New York, has his own theories
about the tarot’s beginning. Wolf, who doesn’t use cards for divination, believes
that originally, “the meaning of the imagery was parallel to the mechanics of the
play of the game. The random draw of the cards created a new, unique narrative
each and every time the game was played, and the decisions players made influenced
the unfolding of that narrative.” Imagine a choose-your-own-adventure
style card game.
“The imagery was designed to reflect important aspects of the real world
that the players lived in, and the prominent Christian symbolism in the
cards is an obvious reflection of the Christian world in which they lived,”
he adds. As divinatory usage became more popular, illustrations evolved to
reflect a specific designer’s intention. “The subjects took on more and more
esoteric meaning,” says Wolf, “but they generally maintained the traditional
tarot structure of four suits of pip cards [similar to the numbered cards in a
normal playing-card deck], corresponding court cards, and the additional trump
cards, with a Fool.”
<br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPf3FnOziB4kUbqFxfrsZc0819mR03TipJ97GWpwh2tYLhlP3LYoqumhiR032xBExLM9CxO_C6mZn4sEA_7m6BYo8eqMir_hGBGxYg8b27xu0ic6EKwefSMqGxEvhrfHToFVVhiKFMjV-h3RTYQGpqWVfgBXTFU5GLzyrj1afHLI78aQZowNKWrgd2Q/s1364/direct%20SKG%204.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="1364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPf3FnOziB4kUbqFxfrsZc0819mR03TipJ97GWpwh2tYLhlP3LYoqumhiR032xBExLM9CxO_C6mZn4sEA_7m6BYo8eqMir_hGBGxYg8b27xu0ic6EKwefSMqGxEvhrfHToFVVhiKFMjV-h3RTYQGpqWVfgBXTFU5GLzyrj1afHLI78aQZowNKWrgd2Q/s320/direct%20SKG%204.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>This woodblock version of the classic Tarot de Marseille was published around
1751 by Claude Burdel. <b>Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</b>
Even if you aren’t familiar with tarot-card reading, you’ve likely seen one
of the common decks, like the famous Rider-Waite, which has been continually
printed since 1909. Named for publisher William Rider and popular mystic A.E. Waite,
who commissioned Pamela Colman Smith to illustrate the deck, the Rider-Waite
helped bring about the rise of 20th-century occult tarot used by mystical readers.
“The Rider-Waite deck was designed for divination and included a book written
by Waite in which he explained much of the esoteric meaning behind the imagery,”
says Wolf. “People say its revolutionary point of genius is that the pip cards
are ‘illustrated,’ meaning that Colman Smith incorporated the number of suit
signs into little scenes, and when taken together, they tell a story in pictures.
This strong narrative element gives readers something to latch onto, in that it is
relatively intuitive to look at a combination of cards and derive your own
story from them.
“The deck really took off in popularity when Stuart Kaplan obtained the
publishing rights and developed an audience for it in the early ’70s,”
says Wolf. Kaplan helped renew interest in card reading with his 1977 book,
Tarot Cards for Fun and Fortune Telling, and has since written several volumes
on tarot.
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6e6d_kFNE5aBgOqL1vi7OrTF_5yt6GZZg9W6EtOoIma4oXoE34nadWK3cJH9SyQWiEfMnWV2VLgejhirLlynWVHab2t4lJPAvrbiwksufNYL5oC8NwxOJHErfF13W27Gv7d0rafsrgefAkijD-eeh0t007KKCTQ8OWY8r7bur6qWwwGYOEkKTCaD0bQ/s1495/direct%2006.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="1495" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6e6d_kFNE5aBgOqL1vi7OrTF_5yt6GZZg9W6EtOoIma4oXoE34nadWK3cJH9SyQWiEfMnWV2VLgejhirLlynWVHab2t4lJPAvrbiwksufNYL5oC8NwxOJHErfF13W27Gv7d0rafsrgefAkijD-eeh0t007KKCTQ8OWY8r7bur6qWwwGYOEkKTCaD0bQ/s320/direct%2006.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>A version of the popular Rider-Waite deck from 1920. </pre><pre><b>Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</b>
Though historians like Kaplan and Matthews publish new information on divination
decks every year, there are still many holes in the larger story of fortune-
telling cards. Wolf points out that those who use cards for divination are
often at odds with academics researching their past. “There’s a lot of friction
between tarot historians and card readers about the origins and purpose of
tarot cards,” Wolf says. “The evidence suggests they were invented for gaming
and evolved for use in divination at a much later date. Personally, I believe
they were designed for game play, but that the design is a bit more sophisticated
than many tarot historians seem to believe.”
“The earliest known tarot decks weren’t designed with mysticism in mind;
they were actually meant for playing a game similar to modern-day bridge.”
By the mid-18th century, the mystical applications for cards had spread from
Italy to other parts of Europe. In France, writer Antoine Court de Gébelin
asserted that the tarot was based on a holy book written by Egyptian priests
and brought to Europe by Gypsies from Africa. In reality, tarot cards
predated the presence of Gypsies in Europe, who actually came from Asia
rather than Africa. Regardless of its inaccuracies, Court de Gébelin’s
nine-volume history of the world was highly influential.
Teacher and publisher Jean-Baptiste Alliette wrote his first book on the
tarot in 1791, called “Etteilla, ou L’art de lire dans les cartes,” meaning
“Etteilla, or the Art of Reading Cards.” (Alliette created this mystical
pseudonym “Etteilla” simply by reversing his surname.) According to Etteilla’s
writings, he first learned divination with a deck of 32 cards designed for a
game called Piquet, along with the addition of his special Etteilla card.
This type of card is known as the significator and typically stands in
for the individual having their fortune read.
</pre><pre><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0773geS2je1-gLjti4Ls8yXRMwW3B-OiahZUWE5ei-5C4i0YBUVB8iBWRfvMIupWVjIWTEcAj_5lOYWoBaCok2HQgj3EbIsdtUNlX4jVHqqWjNRMHGBfwqhqOKXFQRaTUQNEFSmtH8YaEpfwK9V_opMqtl2qQ_SFEn2zeO5CLK1QCtBwJxAkqc6X5g/s1547/direct%20SKG%208.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1138" data-original-width="1547" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0773geS2je1-gLjti4Ls8yXRMwW3B-OiahZUWE5ei-5C4i0YBUVB8iBWRfvMIupWVjIWTEcAj_5lOYWoBaCok2HQgj3EbIsdtUNlX4jVHqqWjNRMHGBfwqhqOKXFQRaTUQNEFSmtH8YaEpfwK9V_opMqtl2qQ_SFEn2zeO5CLK1QCtBwJxAkqc6X5g/s320/direct%20SKG%208.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>A hand-colored set of tarot cards produced by F. Gumppenberg,
circa 1810. </pre><pre><b>Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</b>
While the tarot is the most widely known, it’s just one type of
deck used for divination; others include common playing cards and
so-called oracle decks, a term encompassing all the other fortune-telling
decks distinct from the traditional tarot. Etteilla eventually switched
to using a traditional tarot deck, which he claimed held secret wisdom
passed down from ancient Egypt. Etteilla’s premise echoed the writings
of Court de Gébelin, who allegedly recognized Egyptian symbols in tarot-card
illustrations. Though hieroglyphics had not yet been deciphered (the Rosetta
Stone was rediscovered in 1799), many European intellectuals in the late 18th
century believed the religion and writings of ancient Egypt held major insights
into human existence. By linking tarot imagery to Egyptian mysticism,
they gave the cards greater credibility.
Building on Court de Gébelin’s Egyptian connection, Etteilla claimed
that tarot cards originated with the legendary Book of Thoth, which
supposedly belonged to the Egyptian god of wisdom. According to Etteilla,
the book was engraved by Thoth’s priests into gold plates, providing the
imagery for the first tarot deck. Drawing on these theories, Etteilla published
his own deck in 1789—one of the first designed explicitly as a divination
tool and eventually referred to as the Egyptian tarot.</pre><pre><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJCJfEgmlIp1zEND3ined3KQYOJGWMuZD2xy6rJ7rbTMn5vEjgyVGBpFNuTXKvwtX6_YS7Ac3N-b3lnMJtSVQI7MoBH8i02yn7EkABx_Bm0D607qm-Vo-q1qXMpB4fTmFaoNnfdsJ9HjW7eaGbRYNit7W4TQx2GtiWsu5tSBKx1UupwBexA4hU9ajULQ/s795/direct%20SKG%209.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="677" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJCJfEgmlIp1zEND3ined3KQYOJGWMuZD2xy6rJ7rbTMn5vEjgyVGBpFNuTXKvwtX6_YS7Ac3N-b3lnMJtSVQI7MoBH8i02yn7EkABx_Bm0D607qm-Vo-q1qXMpB4fTmFaoNnfdsJ9HjW7eaGbRYNit7W4TQx2GtiWsu5tSBKx1UupwBexA4hU9ajULQ/s320/direct%20SKG%209.jpg" width="273" /></a></div><br /> </pre><pre>A few of the cards from Etteilla’s esoteric deck, reproduced by Grimaud
in 1890.
<b>Photo courtesy Tero Goldenhill.</b>
“Etteilla was one of the people who actually made divination so esoteric,”
says Matthews. “He created a deck that incorporated all the things from
Court de Gébelin and his book ‘Le Monde Primitif’ [‘The Primitive World’],
which suggested an Egyptian origin for the tarot and all sorts of arcane things.”
Matthews makes a distinction between the tarot’s abstract interpretations
and the straightforward “cartomantic” reading style that thrived during the
16th and 17th centuries, prior to Etteilla.
“When we used to send telegrams, each word costs money,” Matthews explains,
“so you’d have to send very few words like, ‘Big baby. Mother well. Come to
hospital.’ And you’d get the gist of it. I read cards in a very similar
way—starting from a few general keywords and making sense of them by filling
in the words that are missing. This isn’t the tarot style of reading where
you project things, like, ‘I can see that you’ve recently had a great
disappointment. Mercury is in retrograde and da da da.’ A cartomantic
reading is much more straightforward and pragmatic, for example, ‘Your
wife will eat tomatoes and fall off the roof and die horribly.’
It’s a direct way of reading, a pre-New Age way of reading.”
One of Matthews’ favorite decks is the Lenormand published by Bernd A. Mertz
in 2004 based on a design circa 1840.
<b>Photo courtesy Caitlín Matthews.
</b>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieYgHfmnNSRP-x7NsEmCzvcD8bi0WkLEubPHsbrtUmeqMTQ4H0nSpsjTecf_yq56FANjqMt6P2ZVlDAIN__PLRb38e-V8lbZW3HpdJtkXdg9VjgrB-V2YP7eci_YhfKOs9gWaKsovjyGHO42LkLTv7lK6pElHIU_WgXssHsBZUgvLs9w0AZHUD6RmLlw/s1561/direct%20%20011.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="1561" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieYgHfmnNSRP-x7NsEmCzvcD8bi0WkLEubPHsbrtUmeqMTQ4H0nSpsjTecf_yq56FANjqMt6P2ZVlDAIN__PLRb38e-V8lbZW3HpdJtkXdg9VjgrB-V2YP7eci_YhfKOs9gWaKsovjyGHO42LkLTv7lK6pElHIU_WgXssHsBZUgvLs9w0AZHUD6RmLlw/s320/direct%20%20011.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div><b><i>A few of the cards from Etteilla’s esoteric deck,
reproduced by Grimaud in 1890. Photo courtesy Tero Goldenhill.</i></b>
Matthews has authored several books on divinatory cards, including The Complete
Lenormand Oracle Cards Handbook, published in October 2014. This 36-card deck
was named after the celebrity card-reader Mademoiselle Marie Anne Lenormand,
who was popular around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, though the
decks bearing her name weren’t actually produced until after her death.
The oldest packs in Matthews’ collection are two Lenormand-style decks, the
French Daveluy of the 1860s and the Viennese Zauberkarten deck from 1864,
which were some of the first decks to be illustrated using the technique of
chromolithography.
“Your wife will eat tomatoes and fall off the roof and die horribly.”
Oracle decks like the Lenormand tend to rely on more direct visual language
than traditional tarot cards. “The tarot can often speak in broad, timeless,
universal statements about our place in the world,” says Wolf. “The imagery of
fortune-telling decks is more illustrational and less archetypal. The images
are generally more specific, simpler, and less universal, keeping the
conversation more straightforward.”
In contrast to most oracle decks, which don’t include suited pip cards,
Lenormand cards feature a unique combination of numbered playing-card
imagery on top of illustrated scenes used for fortune-telling. “One of the
earliest versions, called the Game of Hope, was made by a German named
J.K. Hechtel and was prepared like a board game,” says Matthews.
“You laid out cards 1 to 36, and the object of the game was to throw the
dice and move your tokens along it. If you got to card 35, which was the
anchor card, then you’re home, safe and dry. But if you went beyond that,
it was the cross, which was not so good. It was like the game Snakes and
Ladders.” In this way, the Game of Hope fell into the Victorian-era
tradition of board games that determined a player’s life story based on luck.
This Lenormand-style oracle deck shows a mixture of playing card and
fortune-telling illustrations, circa 1870.
<b>Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</b>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg015Ft-mY6XztpOjFpQEyv_NgUYzYTRBpN2Jy9L7a_N3vtwU9TOjEnXeRnMevt4zPoEq5Ym13In81DyAzhcIJKAMdtTV6RK6kiCC48NV2H6bct8gA4VXGWjFzGC22OqalRx_J6PQyfV7IUQlWNUwaf8Hsa-90v87ypRIhLN_xHjA_Pcg_tTwHGIbGt0g/s2000/direct%20012.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1368" data-original-width="2000" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg015Ft-mY6XztpOjFpQEyv_NgUYzYTRBpN2Jy9L7a_N3vtwU9TOjEnXeRnMevt4zPoEq5Ym13In81DyAzhcIJKAMdtTV6RK6kiCC48NV2H6bct8gA4VXGWjFzGC22OqalRx_J6PQyfV7IUQlWNUwaf8Hsa-90v87ypRIhLN_xHjA_Pcg_tTwHGIbGt0g/s320/direct%20012.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
The game’s original instructions said it could be used for divining because
the illustration on each card included both a symbolic image, like the anchor,
and a specific playing card, like the nine of spades. “Hechtel must have seen
that there were overlaps between divining with playing cards, which, of course,
everyone did, and his game,” says Matthews. “Many other oracle decks appeared
around the same time at the end of the 18th century and into the early 19th century.
They became really popular after the Napoleonic Wars when everyone settled down
and became terribly bourgeois.
“Quite recently, it was discovered by Mary Greer that there was a prior source
to the Lenormand cards,” she continues. “There’s a deck in the British Museum
called ‘Les Amusements des Allemands’ (‘The German Entertainment’). Basically,
a British firm put together a pack of cards that has images and little epigrams
on the bottom, which say things like, ‘Be aware, don’t spend your money unwisely,’
and that sort of thing. It’s quite trite. But it came with a book of text that’s
almost identical to the instructions for later packs of Lenormand cards.”
“Les Amusements des Allemands,” circa 1796, has many overlaps with
Lenormand decks. Via the British Museum.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-U0iAJRrFVzQpkiV-k5ofxZRcPaMiunrDU9KHMzecRzkuL3bAJCte9uf5mtFQo89kvJ0S0F9sNaU7gEJNX3abs-7H2YSBz6pYAqf9SqLDK8BK5becWPaEk-rn608-yvYmeCZgIyPiroWiGiNB6ljNPnOym70IxV367XuGA2mWiogHEC7l7wLdKUD3Q/s811/direct%20SKG%2015.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="595" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-U0iAJRrFVzQpkiV-k5ofxZRcPaMiunrDU9KHMzecRzkuL3bAJCte9uf5mtFQo89kvJ0S0F9sNaU7gEJNX3abs-7H2YSBz6pYAqf9SqLDK8BK5becWPaEk-rn608-yvYmeCZgIyPiroWiGiNB6ljNPnOym70IxV367XuGA2mWiogHEC7l7wLdKUD3Q/s320/direct%20SKG%2015.jpg" /></a></div>
By comparing various decks from different time periods, tarot-card
enthusiasts can identify the evolution of certain illustrations.
“For example,” says Matthews, “the modern version of the hermit with
the lantern, you’ll find that that was an hourglass and he was Saturn or
Chronos, the keeper of time. You can see how that translates with the Tarot
Bolognese meaning of delay or blockage. It was about time moving slowly,
though that’s not used as a modern meaning much now.”
Most card readers recognize that the associations and preconceptions of
the person being read for are just as important as the actual drawings on
the cards: Divination cards offer a way to project certain ideas, whether
subconscious or not, and to toy with potential outcomes for important
decisions. Thus, like scenes from a picture book, the best illustrations
typically offer clear visions of their subjects with an open-ended quality,
as though the action is unfolding before you.
Matthews’ favorite decks are those with straightforward illustrations,
like the Tarocchino Bolognese by Giuseppe Maria Mitelli, an Italian deck
created sometime around the 1660s. Matthews’ owns a facsimile of the Mitelli
deck, rather than an original, which means she can use them without fear of
damaging a priceless antique. “The deck that I enjoy most is the Mertz Lenormand
deck because of its clarity,” she says. “The background on each card is a creamy,
vellum color, so when you lay them out in tableau, you can see the illustrations
very clearly. I frankly get so tired of all the new Photoshopped tarots and the
slick art, with their complete lack of any framework or substance.
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiId6ye7d7zR51PzgwHLlmcfEc90Js1ZylulxddDTzBHmc3YHn5l7xV23OIjeJNstYECB22rc2BXI5b1-GN-MBUmX8Zepk1TUbOH1zZD210GoYkQuQX7DnwpchPMMEogpTb3Hw2382juJhZvXv9n5YRmSeKybZ4L9eP1LMiH5HSE2dThKrknshXzzlAMA/s940/direct%20SKG%2016.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="940" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiId6ye7d7zR51PzgwHLlmcfEc90Js1ZylulxddDTzBHmc3YHn5l7xV23OIjeJNstYECB22rc2BXI5b1-GN-MBUmX8Zepk1TUbOH1zZD210GoYkQuQX7DnwpchPMMEogpTb3Hw2382juJhZvXv9n5YRmSeKybZ4L9eP1LMiH5HSE2dThKrknshXzzlAMA/s320/direct%20SKG%2016.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
Trump cards from the Tarrocchini Bolognese designed by Giuseppe Maria Mitelli,
circa 1664.
“I also enjoy reading with the Lenormand deck made by Daveluy, which has
been beautifully reworked by Lauren Forestell, who specializes in restoring
facsimile decks—cleaning up 200 years’ worth of card shuffling and human grief.
The coloring on the Daveluy is very beautiful. Chromolithography gave an
incredibly clear color to everything, and I think it was probably as
revolutionary as Technicolor was in the days of the movies.”
The illustration on some decks did double duty, providing divinatory tools
and scientific knowledge, like the Geografia Tarocchi deck from around 1725.
“The Geografia are extraordinary cards, almost like a little encyclopedia of
the world with the oracle imagery peeking out at the top,” Matthews says.
“The actual bit that you read from is just a cigarette-card length. So for
example, the hanged man just shows his legs at the top of the card, while
the rest of the card has information about Africa or Asia or other places on it.” </div><div> </div><div> </div><div>On the Geografia deck, the symbolic imagery is reduced to a small colored
segment at the top of each card; the rest is related to global geography.
Via eBay.
In contrast, the meanings in other decks are particularly difficult to
decipher, like the infamous Thoth tarot developed by Aleister Crowley,
notorious for his involvement with various cults and experimentation with
recreational drugs and so-called “sex magick.” Completed in 1943, the Thoth
deck was illustrated by Lady Frieda Harris and incorporated a range of occult
and scientific symbols, inspiring many modern decks. As Wolf explains,
“with the rise of the divination market in the 20th century, more liberties
were taken, and the imagery evolved into increasingly personal artistic
statements, both in content and style of execution.”
But to balance such arcane decks, there are divinatory cards that offer
little room for interpretation, like “Le Scarabée d’Or” or The Golden
Beetle Oracle, one of Wolf’s most prized decks. “It’s just fantastically
bizarre. There’s a little window in the lid of the card box, and when
you shake it, the beetle appears, and points to a number,” he explains.
“Then you find the corresponding number on a set of round cards, with
beautiful script text on them, and read your fortune. Can you not
imagine standing in a Victorian parlor in France, consulting the
Golden Beetle? It was like performance art.”
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</div></pre>
</div>
<br />
<div><b>Source:</b></div>
<pre> However, using cards for playful divination probably goes back even
further, to the 14th century, likely originating with Mamluk game cards
brought to Western Europe from Turkey. By the 1500s, the Italian aristocracy
was enjoying a game known as “tarocchi appropriati,” in which players were
dealt random cards and used thematic associations with these cards to write
poetic verses about one another—somewhat like the popular childhood game “MASH.”
These predictive cards were referred to as “sortes,” meaning destinies or lots.
Even the earliest known tarot decks weren’t designed with mysticism in mind;
they were actually meant for playing a game similar to modern-day bridge. Wealthy
families in Italy commissioned expensive, artist-made decks known as
“carte da trionfi” or “cards of triumph.” These cards were marked with suits of
cups, swords, coins, and polo sticks (eventually changed to staves or wands),
and courts consisting of a king and two male underlings. Tarot cards later
incorporated queens, trumps (the wild cards unique to tarot), and the Fool
to this system, for a complete deck that usually totaled 78 cards. Today,
the suit cards are commonly called the Minor Arcana, while trump cards are
known as the Major Arcana.
Two hand-painted Mamluk cards from Turkey (left) and two cards from the
Visconti family deck (right), both circa 15th century.
Graphic designer and artist Bill Wolf, whose interest in tarot illustration
dates to his art-school days at Cooper Union in New York, has his own theories
about the tarot’s beginning. Wolf, who doesn’t use cards for divination,
believes that originally, “the meaning of the imagery was parallel to the
mechanics of the play of the game. The random draw of the cards created a
new, unique narrative each and every time the game was played, and the
decisions players made influenced the unfolding of that narrative.”
Imagine a choose-your-own-adventure style card game.
“The imagery was designed to reflect important aspects of the real world
that the players lived in, and the prominent Christian symbolism in the
cards is an obvious reflection of the Christian world in which they lived,”
he adds. As divinatory usage became more popular, illustrations evolved to
reflect a specific designer’s intention. “The subjects took on more and more
esoteric meaning,” says Wolf, “but they generally maintained the traditional
tarot structure of four suits of pip cards [similar to the numbered cards
in a normal playing-card deck], corresponding court cards, and the additional
trump cards, with a Fool.”
This woodblock version of the classic Tarot de Marseille was published around
1751 by Claude Burdel. Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.
Even if you aren’t familiar with tarot-card reading, you’ve likely seen
one of the common decks, like the famous Rider-Waite, which has been
continually printed since 1909. Named for publisher William Rider and
popular mystic A.E. Waite, who commissioned Pamela Colman Smith to
illustrate the deck, the Rider-Waite helped bring about the rise of
20th-century occult tarot used by mystical readers.
“The Rider-Waite deck was designed for divination and included a book
written by Waite in which he explained much of the esoteric meaning
behind the imagery,” says Wolf. “People say its revolutionary point of
genius is that the pip cards are ‘illustrated,’ meaning that Colman Smith
incorporated the number of suit signs into little scenes, and when taken
together, they tell a story in pictures. This strong narrative element
gives readers something to latch onto, in that it is relatively intuitive
to look at a combination of cards and derive your own story from them.
“The deck really took off in popularity when Stuart Kaplan obtained the
publishing rights and developed an audience for it in the early ’70s,” says Wolf.
Kaplan helped renew interest in card reading with his 1977 book,
Tarot Cards for Fun and Fortune Telling, and has since written several
volumes on tarot.
A version of the popular Rider-Waite deck from 1920.
<b>Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.</b>
Though historians like Kaplan and Matthews publish new information on
divination decks every year, there are still many holes in the larger
story of fortune-telling cards. Wolf points out that those who use
cards for divination are often at odds with academics researching
their past. “There’s a lot of friction between tarot historians and
card readers about the origins and purpose of tarot cards,” Wolf says.
“The evidence suggests they were invented for gaming and evolved for use
in divination at a much later date. Personally, I believe they were
designed for game play, but that the design is a bit more sophisticated
than many tarot historians seem to believe.”
“The earliest known tarot decks weren’t designed with mysticism in
mind; they were actually meant for playing a game similar to modern-day bridge.”
By the mid-18th century, the mystical applications for cards had spread
from Italy to other parts of Europe. In France, writer Antoine Court de
Gébelin asserted that the tarot was based on a holy book written by
Egyptian priests and brought to Europe by Gypsies from Africa.
In reality, tarot cards predated the presence of Gypsies in Europe,
who actually came from Asia rather than Africa. Regardless of its
inaccuracies, Court de Gébelin’s nine-volume history of the world
was highly influential.
Teacher and publisher Jean-Baptiste Alliette wrote his first book on
the tarot in 1791, called “Etteilla, ou L’art de lire dans les cartes,”
meaning “Etteilla, or the Art of Reading Cards.” (Alliette created this
mystical pseudonym “Etteilla” simply by reversing his surname.) According
to Etteilla’s writings, he first learned divination with a deck of 32 cards
designed for a game called Piquet, along with the addition of his special
Etteilla card. This type of card is known as the significator and typically
stands in for the individual having their fortune read.
A hand-colored set of tarot cards produced by F. Gumppenberg,
circa 1810. Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.
While the tarot is the most widely known, it’s just one type of deck
used for divination; others include common playing cards and so-called
oracle decks, a term encompassing all the other fortune-telling decks
distinct from the traditional tarot. Etteilla eventually switched to
using a traditional tarot deck, which he claimed held secret wisdom passed
down from ancient Egypt. Etteilla’s premise echoed the writings of Court
de Gébelin, who allegedly recognized Egyptian symbols in tarot-card
illustrations. Though hieroglyphics had not yet been deciphered (the Rosetta
Stone was rediscovered in 1799), many European intellectuals in the late 18th
century believed the religion and writings of ancient Egypt held major
insights into human existence. By linking tarot imagery to Egyptian mysticism,
they gave the cards greater credibility.
Building on Court de Gébelin’s Egyptian connection, Etteilla claimed that tarot
cards originated with the legendary Book of Thoth, which supposedly belonged to
the Egyptian god of wisdom. According to Etteilla, the book was engraved by
Thoth’s priests into gold plates, providing the imagery for the first tarot
deck. Drawing on these theories, Etteilla published his own deck in 1789—one of
the first designed explicitly as a divination tool and eventually referred
to as the Egyptian tarot.
A few of the cards from Etteilla’s esoteric deck, reproduced
by Grimaud in 1890.
<b>Photo courtesy Tero Goldenhill.</b>
“Etteilla was one of the people who actually made divination so esoteric,”
says Matthews. “He created a deck that incorporated all the things from
Court de Gébelin and his book ‘Le Monde Primitif’ [‘The Primitive World’],
which suggested an Egyptian origin for the tarot and all sorts of arcane
things.” Matthews makes a distinction between the tarot’s abstract
interpretations and the straightforward “cartomantic” reading style that
thrived during the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to Etteilla.
“When we used to send telegrams, each word costs money,” Matthews explains,
“so you’d have to send very few words like, ‘Big baby. Mother well. Come to
hospital.’ And you’d get the gist of it. I read cards in a very similar
way—starting from a few general keywords and making sense of them by filling
in the words that are missing. This isn’t the tarot style of reading where you
project things, like, ‘I can see that you’ve recently had a great disappointment.
Mercury is in retrograde and da da da.’ A cartomantic reading is much more
straightforward and pragmatic, for example, ‘Your wife will eat tomatoes and
fall off the roof and die horribly.’ It’s a direct way of reading,
a pre-New Age way of reading.”
One of Matthews’ favorite decks is the Lenormand published by
Bernd A. Mertz in 2004 based on a design circa 1840.
<b>Photo courtesy Caitlín Matthews.</b>
Matthews has authored several books on divinatory cards, including
The Complete Lenormand Oracle Cards Handbook, published in October 2014.
This 36-card deck was named after the celebrity card-reader Mademoiselle
Marie Anne Lenormand, who was popular around the turn of the 18th and 19th
centuries, though the decks bearing her name weren’t actually produced until
after her death. The oldest packs in Matthews’ collection are two
Lenormand-style decks, the French Daveluy of the 1860s and the Viennese
Zauberkarten deck from 1864, which were some of the first decks to be
illustrated using the technique of chromolithography.
“Your wife will eat tomatoes and fall off the roof and die horribly.”
Oracle decks like the Lenormand tend to rely on more direct visual language
than traditional tarot cards. “The tarot can often speak in broad, timeless,
universal statements about our place in the world,” says Wolf. “The imagery of
fortune-telling decks is more illustrational and less archetypal.
The images are generally more specific, simpler, and less universal,
keeping the conversation more straightforward.”
In contrast to most oracle decks, which don’t include suited pip cards,
Lenormand cards feature a unique combination of numbered playing-card imagery
on top of illustrated scenes used for fortune-telling. “One of the earliest
versions, called the Game of Hope, was made by a German named J.K. Hechtel
and was prepared like a board game,” says Matthews. “You laid out cards 1 to 36,
and the object of the game was to throw the dice and move your tokens along it.
If you got to card 35, which was the anchor card, then you’re home, safe and dry.
But if you went beyond that, it was the cross, which was not so good. It was like
the game Snakes and Ladders.” In this way, the Game of Hope fell into the
Victorian-era tradition of board games that determined a player’s life
story based on luck.
This Lenormand-style oracle deck shows a mixture of playing card and
fortune-telling illustrations, circa 1870. Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.
The game’s original instructions said it could be used for divining
because the illustration on each card included both a symbolic image,
like the anchor, and a specific playing card, like the nine of spades.
“Hechtel must have seen that there were overlaps between divining with
playing cards, which, of course, everyone did, and his game,” says Matthews.
“Many other oracle decks appeared around the same time at the end of the 18th
century and into the early 19th century. They became really popular after the
Napoleonic Wars when everyone settled down and became terribly bourgeois.
“Quite recently, it was discovered by Mary Greer that there was a prior
source to the Lenormand cards,” she continues. “There’s a deck in the
British Museum called ‘Les Amusements des Allemands’ (‘The German Entertainment’).
Basically, a British firm put together a pack of cards that has images and
little epigrams on the bottom, which say things like, ‘Be aware, don’t spend
your money unwisely,’ and that sort of thing. It’s quite trite. But it came with
a book of text that’s almost identical to the instructions for later
packs of Lenormand cards.”
“Les Amusements des Allemands,” circa 1796, has many overlaps
with Lenormand decks. Via the British Museum.
By comparing various decks from different time periods, tarot-card
enthusiasts can identify the evolution of certain illustrations.
“For example,” says Matthews, “the modern version of the hermit with the
lantern, you’ll find that that was an hourglass and he was Saturn or
Chronos, the keeper of time. You can see how that translates with the
Tarot Bolognese meaning of delay or blockage. It was about time moving
slowly, though that’s not used as a modern meaning much now.”
Most card readers recognize that the associations and preconceptions of the
person being read for are just as important as the actual drawings on the
cards: Divination cards offer a way to project certain ideas, whether
subconscious or not, and to toy with potential outcomes for important decisions.
Thus, like scenes from a picture book, the best illustrations typically offer
clear visions of their subjects with an open-ended quality, as though the
action is unfolding before you.
Matthews’ favorite decks are those with straightforward illustrations, like
the Tarocchino Bolognese by Giuseppe Maria Mitelli, an Italian deck created
sometime around the 1660s. Matthews’ owns a facsimile of the Mitelli deck,
rather than an original, which means she can use them without fear of
damaging a priceless antique. “The deck that I enjoy most is the Mertz
Lenormand deck because of its clarity,” she says. “The background on each
card is a creamy, vellum color, so when you lay them out in tableau, you can
see the illustrations very clearly. I frankly get so tired of all the new
Photoshopped tarots and the slick art, with their complete lack of any
framework or substance.
Trump cards from the Tarrocchini Bolognese designed
by Giuseppe Maria Mitelli, circa 1664.
“I also enjoy reading with the Lenormand deck made by Daveluy, which has been
beautifully reworked by Lauren Forestell, who specializes in restoring
facsimile decks—cleaning up 200 years’ worth of card shuffling and human grief.
The coloring on the Daveluy is very beautiful. Chromolithography gave an
incredibly clear color to everything, and I think it was probably as
revolutionary as Technicolor was in the days of the movies.”
The illustration on some decks did double duty, providing divinatory
tools and scientific knowledge, like the Geografia Tarocchi deck from
around 1725. “The Geografia are extraordinary cards, almost like a little
encyclopedia of the world with the oracle imagery peeking out at the top,”
Matthews says. “The actual bit that you read from is just a cigarette-card
length. So for example, the hanged man just shows his legs at the top of
the card, while the rest of the card has information about Africa or
Asia or other places on it.”
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRNslqv_bdZHvIpdwrhRm7jwLn7odrP8IpEh_YQz93cdaQ3e6tzfHAnDaVpP4ro9qRhyFAbKJy2_xwJUUiqm-9iJttUTlDdSJODV3j2w0WXbDOVFIy1HT0krh8ZlsISh6fD1FXF0Ge-k1dt8rsvq-lGCiFSq0nToOwjUSlB-XuOqTDmm-TCm1b6_b-g/s940/direct%20SKG%2016.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="940" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghRNslqv_bdZHvIpdwrhRm7jwLn7odrP8IpEh_YQz93cdaQ3e6tzfHAnDaVpP4ro9qRhyFAbKJy2_xwJUUiqm-9iJttUTlDdSJODV3j2w0WXbDOVFIy1HT0krh8ZlsISh6fD1FXF0Ge-k1dt8rsvq-lGCiFSq0nToOwjUSlB-XuOqTDmm-TCm1b6_b-g/s320/direct%20SKG%2016.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
On the Geografia deck, the symbolic imagery is reduced to a small colored
segment at the top of each card; the rest is related to global geography. Via eBay.
In contrast, the meanings in other decks are particularly difficult to
decipher, like the infamous Thoth tarot developed by Aleister Crowley,
notorious for his involvement with various cults and experimentation with
recreational drugs and so-called “sex magick.” Completed in 1943, the Thoth
deck was illustrated by Lady Frieda Harris and incorporated a range of occult
and scientific symbols, inspiring many modern decks. As Wolf explains,
“with the rise of the divination market in the 20th century, more liberties
were taken, and the imagery evolved into increasingly personal artistic
statements, both in content and style of execution.” </pre><pre> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqEJNuaVEHe6YUCohNW4InN_81X4XXvhFkIFjweckbWlAnYMFCfzQ5ZRcF6bIuoOSqOQIFm5AvF2TxpHMupmYXKUxa8EQQF4N2i6RZR3jrVxUK14srY0BGRoAbj40B5xUOudjaAjlNwAaqIKIbrstHbI6nmHW3FCmop3VVpI1myTqG1iaRjGWdEIBsHA/s1600/direct%20S%20K%20G%2018.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1600" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqEJNuaVEHe6YUCohNW4InN_81X4XXvhFkIFjweckbWlAnYMFCfzQ5ZRcF6bIuoOSqOQIFm5AvF2TxpHMupmYXKUxa8EQQF4N2i6RZR3jrVxUK14srY0BGRoAbj40B5xUOudjaAjlNwAaqIKIbrstHbI6nmHW3FCmop3VVpI1myTqG1iaRjGWdEIBsHA/s320/direct%20S%20K%20G%2018.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></pre><pre>But to balance such arcane decks, there are divinatory cards that offer little
room for interpretation, like “Le Scarabée d’Or” or The Golden Beetle Oracle,
one of Wolf’s most prized decks. “It’s just fantastically bizarre. There’s a
little window in the lid of the card box, and when you shake it, the beetle
appears, and points to a number,” he explains. “Then you find the corresponding
number on a set of round cards, with beautiful script text on them, and read
your fortune. Can you not imagine standing in a Victorian parlor in France,
consulting the Golden Beetle? It was like performance art.”
( If you buy something through a link in this article,
Collectors Weekly may get a share of the sale. Learn more.)
<b>How was it? Save stories you love and never lose them.</b>
<b>Courtesy of.</b>
<a href="about:invalid#zSoyz">tps://getpocket.com/explore/item/tarot-mythology-
the-surprising-origins-of-the-world-s-most-misunderstood-
cards?utm_source=pocket-newtab-intl-en</a>
</pre>S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-64419405916086140612023-02-02T21:13:00.006+05:302023-02-02T21:26:46.861+05:30[ Inside the Cockpit of Aircraft of a Jet fighter. ]<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX2LzmxUXAqxmEuu3BOquB_GT3_onkDmobLkBSu-bjalb36swF2OP0oPyoSY6dgY8EMZwnet3D5kmqNFAI6RzyxWgJfu3NDNLTBRVbY8OFHgGfACnECvmrIQL659x_XolPkrbXoRlOdA0AKLFWMUG9QH0s-1Oi9qcv2XuRkj4i3N6h9MdCDBY_CpKFjg/s290/220px-Pilot-RSO_last_flight_SR-71.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX2LzmxUXAqxmEuu3BOquB_GT3_onkDmobLkBSu-bjalb36swF2OP0oPyoSY6dgY8EMZwnet3D5kmqNFAI6RzyxWgJfu3NDNLTBRVbY8OFHgGfACnECvmrIQL659x_XolPkrbXoRlOdA0AKLFWMUG9QH0s-1Oi9qcv2XuRkj4i3N6h9MdCDBY_CpKFjg/s320/220px-Pilot-RSO_last_flight_SR-71.jpg"/></a></div>
<br/>
<div>
<a href="https://youtu.be/tj9UwKQKE3A">https://youtu.be/tj9UwKQKE3A</a>
</div><br />
<div>
On 26 April 1971, 61-7968, flown by majors Thomas B. Estes and Dewain C. Vick, flew over 15,000 miles (24,000 km) in 10 hours and 30 minutes. This flight was awarded the 1971 Mackay Trophy for the "most meritorious flight of the year" and the 1972 Harmon Trophy for "most outstanding international achievement in the art/science of aeronautics".
</div> S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-73180303615546458932023-01-21T18:41:00.006+05:302023-01-23T16:53:59.158+05:30[ KAHWA of KASHAMIR a fragrant green tea. ]<div>
A fragrant green tea infused with delicate flavors of crushed almond
,cardamom,pods,clove and cinnamon bark.
</div>
<div>Gunjan.Sharma@timesgroup.com</div>
<h2><span style="font-size: x-large;">A</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">n aromatic soul-warming green tea that resonates with
the blend of spices like saffron,cardamom pods,almond,often called 'a tea straight
from heaven's for its amazing flavor.Khawa is ideal when you crave for a little
warmth in your cup. The best part about Kahwa is that it's caffeine-free,so
you can enjoy all the benefits of tea with out feeling guilty.</span></span></h2><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div>
Many believe that Khawa tea leaves come through the spice route,though some say
it originated in the Yarkland Valley during the Khushan empire in the first and
second century AD. Nalini Moti Sadhu who runs a Kashmiri Restaurant in Gurgoaon
say,"In Kashmir,we add a lot of sugar or honey to Khawa almost like a <i>chashni.</i>
Here we make it without sugar and let add it as per their taste".Monika Koul,a
Kashmiri who's been living in Delhi for nearly a decade now,says "We begin our
day with a cup made of home made Khawa for a much needed boost to health".
</div>
<div>
The subtly sweet Kahwa is of a light green hue which turns to gold after adding
saffron. The beverage is also consumed in Afganistan.PPakistan and some parts of
central Asia.
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div><h2>WHAT'S SPECIAL</h2><h2>
<b> </b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;">Khawa is an essential part of Kashmir culture and no Khawa traditionally brewed
in a copper samoVar.There is a Khawa for every ooccasion - classic Khawa,Doody Khawa
and the Shangri Khawa. Making Khawa is almost a ritual.You know it's ready ready once
the tea starts bubbling over,with a delicious aroma of cinnamon and codamom in the
air.Thetea leaves aren't brewed for more than 30 seconds (over brewing will make
it better).Khawa is known to boost the immune system and is antioxidant,too.</span></span>
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh_sTSaYKX-69QkmXbE-9C75BdCvCa0QR0fJ43xvDV29Fdmk91WWQ5eE0DtNBSpwv6K--n5Hzqk_yu231ZNiQEicYFA2av-EPSjp3Eab37h6sdX39PfgZ7HYa-d77pF4KfXjGify71gqpcn7QnE3OwDRUES6WXPGSWatR-xRZJqXhQd5TdgkL4bal7lQ/s320/IMG_1179.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="135" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh_sTSaYKX-69QkmXbE-9C75BdCvCa0QR0fJ43xvDV29Fdmk91WWQ5eE0DtNBSpwv6K--n5Hzqk_yu231ZNiQEicYFA2av-EPSjp3Eab37h6sdX39PfgZ7HYa-d77pF4KfXjGify71gqpcn7QnE3OwDRUES6WXPGSWatR-xRZJqXhQd5TdgkL4bal7lQ/s320/IMG_1179.jpg" /></a></div>
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<div>
<center><span style="background-color: #ffa400;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>RECIPE</b></span></span></center>
<div>Khawa is an essential part of Kashmiri culture and no festival or gathering is complete without a <i>pyaal</i>(cup)oF KaHwa traditional breed in a copper <i>samovar</i> .There is a Khawa for every occasion - classic Khawa,Doody Khawa,and the Shangri Khawa.Making KaHwa is almost a ritual you know it's ready once the tea starts bubbling over,with a delicious aroma of cinnamon and cardamom in the air. The tea leaves aren't brewed for more the 30 seconds (over brewingwill make it better)<b>Kahwa s known to boost immune system and is an antioxidant,too.</b>
<br/>
<br/>
<div><h2>Courtesy:<h2><div>
Gunjan.Sharma@timesgroup.com
and Times of India. S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674983450748058761.post-81057973081103643772022-06-06T22:40:00.011+05:302023-01-21T18:36:43.724+05:30[ Badam Pista Tea.]<div>
Rich Dry Fruits,<i>Kesar</i>and milk froth come to life when simmered in this tea.
</div>
<div><h2>W</h2>hile Amritsar is best known for its buttery <i>lissis</i>,another glass of joy
- the Badam Pista tea with silvers of dry fruits and sparkling of cardamom on top
is the city's favorite beverage.Fragnent and sweet,this medley of dry fruit-infused <i>CHAI</i>
has layers of flavor in it because the spices are already packed in to the tea while
it is boiled.Chunki pistachious and almonds combined with milk and the malty taste of
Assam leaf results in a rich tea experience.Gianni Tea Stall on Amritsar busy Cooper
Road,sells the region's favorite Badam Pista <i>Chai</i>Visitors to Amritsar make
mandstory trip to this small eatery for this <i>chai</i>accompanied with crunchy
<i>khastha kachorli.Run by the 3rd generation of tea makers,the eatery has been
brewing this special <i>chai</i>since 1955. "Our <i>chai</i>is unique and not
available elsewhere" say's Gurpreet Singh whose father Gurmeet Singh is the
owner of the shop Bollywood celebrities who come to Amritsar for film shootings
almost always visit this tea place for a cup of signature tea.
<br/>
<br/>
<b><h2>WHAT'S SPECIAL</h2></b>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqpsu50GbL_Vsvn9zFEM1_Glj-xiVOZsX3IjbQVf3gl3YcAtFNQVnuzgxAADYLky7nAQTHM9Zgjze462hOWtBVevky-TFGi9ise-x0h21_CrCZhlzsmP5GDmKrshbymZEnFhOS67Iy-wuqSiC7iSX0SexITInQZz2c-BFz-DnN9WMcvljVijvEaY8VJA/s320/IMG_1178%20AMRITSAR.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="200" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqpsu50GbL_Vsvn9zFEM1_Glj-xiVOZsX3IjbQVf3gl3YcAtFNQVnuzgxAADYLky7nAQTHM9Zgjze462hOWtBVevky-TFGi9ise-x0h21_CrCZhlzsmP5GDmKrshbymZEnFhOS67Iy-wuqSiC7iSX0SexITInQZz2c-BFz-DnN9WMcvljVijvEaY8VJA/s200/IMG_1178%20AMRITSAR.jpg"/></a></div> S K G Raohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02732174151893122029noreply@blogger.com0